How to Draw an Apple

Passo a passo

1. Passo 1

   Desenhar um círculo ligeiramente mais amplo do que ele é alto.

   Start round and correct it later. An apple is not a perfect sphere but it is much closer to one than beginners draw it - most people go straight for the dented top and end up with a shape that reads as a pepper.

   Cuidado. Drawing the classic 'apple silhouette' from memory instead of the round mass that is actually there.

   Verificação Slightly wider than tall, and no dent yet.

2. Passo 2

   Pressione uma dentagem superficial para o topo, de um lado.

   The dip where the stem sits is rarely centred, and putting it slightly to one side immediately makes the apple look like a real one rather than a logo. Keep the dent shallow.

   Cuidado. Cutting a deep V into the top. Real apples dimple, they do not fold.

   Verificação The dent should be off-centre and gentle enough to still read as a circle.

3. Passo 3

   Deixe o fundo sentar-se ligeiramente fora do centro também.

   Almost nothing in nature is symmetrical, and an apple leans. Nudging the base a little away from the dent gives the fruit a direction, which reads as weight.

   Cuidado. Making the outline perfectly symmetrical, which looks designed rather than observed.

   Verificação Draw a vertical line through the dent - the two halves should NOT match exactly.

4. Passo 4

   Adicione a caule, inclinando-se para fora da dent.

   A stem is a short thick tube, not a hair. Give it some width and let it lean - a vertical stem in the middle is the fastest way to make an apple look like a cartoon.

   Cuidado. Drawing it as a single thin line straight up.

   Verificação It should be thick enough to have two sides.

5. Passo 5

   Adicionar uma folha: duas curvas a um ponto.

   One curve is the top edge, the other the bottom, and they meet at a tip. Attach it to the stem rather than floating it nearby - the join is what stops it looking pasted on.

   Cuidado. Drawing the leaf as an oval, which reads as a balloon.

   Verificação Both curves should meet at both ends: base and tip.

6. Passo 6

   Decida de onde vem a luz e marca-la.

   Everything from here depends on this one decision, so make it consciously rather than letting it drift. Pick a direction - upper left is easiest - and commit. If you have a real apple, put a lamp on one side of it and look.

   Cuidado. Not deciding, then shading a bit everywhere. That is the single reason most beginner drawings look flat.

   Verificação You should be able to say out loud where the light is.

7. Passo 7

   Desenhe o destaque onde a luz atinge mais diretamente.

   The brightest spot is not on the edge - it is on the part of the surface facing the light most squarely, which on a sphere is inside the form, slightly up and toward the light. Outline it now so you remember not to shade it.

   Cuidado. Putting the highlight on the outline instead of inside the shape.

   Verificação The highlight should be surrounded by apple on all sides.

8. Passo 8

   Encolhe o lado longe da luz, mais escuro na borda.

   Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing produces an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay your strokes the same way and build the darkness up in passes.

   Cuidado. Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

   Verificação The darkest area should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

9. Passo 9

   Misture a sombra para a luz, então não há linha dura.

   On a round object the transition from light to dark is gradual - a hard edge would mean a sharp corner. This soft band is called the core shadow and getting it to fade is most of what makes a sphere read as a sphere.

   Cuidado. Leaving a visible seam where the shading starts.

   Verificação Run a finger along the transition. You should not be able to point at where it begins.

10. Passo 10

    Deixe uma banda mais leve ao longo da extremidade muito inferior.

    Light bounces up off the table and catches the underside. That thin lighter strip is called reflected light, and it is what stops the apple looking glued to the background. It is subtle - lighter than the core shadow, still darker than the lit side.

    Cuidado. Making it as bright as the highlight, which flattens the bottom of the apple out again.

    Verificação Three values along the bottom: dark, then slightly lighter, then the shadow on the table.

11. Passo 11

    Adicione a sombra de elenco na mesa, longe da luz.

    The cast shadow is darkest where it meets the apple and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the fruit to a surface - without it the apple floats, however well you have shaded it.

    Cuidado. Drawing it as an even grey oval detached from the apple.

    Verificação It should touch the apple and be darkest right at that contact point.

12. Passo 12

    Aprofunda o escuro escuro e verifica a sua gama.

    Hold your drawing at arm's length and squint. You should see a clear lightest area, a clear darkest area, and a smooth ramp between. If everything sits in a narrow band of grey, push the darks - almost nobody pushes them far enough on a first attempt.

    Cuidado. Lightening the highlight instead of darkening the shadow. Contrast comes from the dark end.

    Verificação Squint at it. Can you still see three distinct values?

13. Passo 13

    Passa por cima do contorno, variando o quanto pressionas.

    A real edge is not one uniform line. Where the form turns away from you into shadow it is darker and firmer; where the light hits it the edge almost disappears. Varying it is the last thing that separates a drawing from a colouring page.

    Cuidado. Tracing the whole outline at one weight, which undoes the roundness you just shaded in.

    Verificação The outline on the shadow side should be visibly darker than on the lit side.