How to Draw an Apple

Hakbang-hakbang

1. Hakbang 1

   Gumuhit ng isang bilog bahagyang mas malawak kaysa sa ito ay mataas.

   Start round and correct it later. An apple is not a perfect sphere but it is much closer to one than beginners draw it - most people go straight for the dented top and end up with a shape that reads as a pepper.

   Mag-ingat Drawing the classic 'apple silhouette' from memory instead of the round mass that is actually there.

   Tingnan Slightly wider than tall, and no dent yet.

2. Hakbang 2

   Ang isang karaniwang uri ng mga ito ay ang mga karaniwang mga ugat, na may isang ugat sa bawat dulo.

   The dip where the stem sits is rarely centred, and putting it slightly to one side immediately makes the apple look like a real one rather than a logo. Keep the dent shallow.

   Mag-ingat Cutting a deep V into the top. Real apples dimple, they do not fold.

   Tingnan The dent should be off-centre and gentle enough to still read as a circle.

3. Hakbang 3

   Ang mga ito ay maaaring maging mas maliit o mas malaki.

   Almost nothing in nature is symmetrical, and an apple leans. Nudging the base a little away from the dent gives the fruit a direction, which reads as weight.

   Mag-ingat Making the outline perfectly symmetrical, which looks designed rather than observed.

   Tingnan Draw a vertical line through the dent - the two halves should NOT match exactly.

4. Hakbang 4

   Idagdag ang stem, leaning out ng dent.

   A stem is a short thick tube, not a hair. Give it some width and let it lean - a vertical stem in the middle is the fastest way to make an apple look like a cartoon.

   Mag-ingat Drawing it as a single thin line straight up.

   Tingnan It should be thick enough to have two sides.

5. Hakbang 5

   Magdagdag ng isang dahon: dalawang kurva pulong sa isang punto.

   One curve is the top edge, the other the bottom, and they meet at a tip. Attach it to the stem rather than floating it nearby - the join is what stops it looking pasted on.

   Mag-ingat Drawing the leaf as an oval, which reads as a balloon.

   Tingnan Both curves should meet at both ends: base and tip.

6. Hakbang 6

   Magpasya kung saan ang ilaw ay mula sa at markahan ito.

   Everything from here depends on this one decision, so make it consciously rather than letting it drift. Pick a direction - upper left is easiest - and commit. If you have a real apple, put a lamp on one side of it and look.

   Mag-ingat Not deciding, then shading a bit everywhere. That is the single reason most beginner drawings look flat.

   Tingnan You should be able to say out loud where the light is.

7. Hakbang 7

   I-outline ang highlight kung saan ang liwanag hits pinaka-direktang.

   The brightest spot is not on the edge - it is on the part of the surface facing the light most squarely, which on a sphere is inside the form, slightly up and toward the light. Outline it now so you remember not to shade it.

   Mag-ingat Putting the highlight on the outline instead of inside the shape.

   Tingnan The highlight should be surrounded by apple on all sides.

8. Hakbang 8

   Shade ang gilid ang layo mula sa ilaw, madilim sa gilid.

   Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing produces an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay your strokes the same way and build the darkness up in passes.

   Mag-ingat Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

   Tingnan The darkest area should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

9. Hakbang 9

   Blend ang lilim patungo sa ilaw kaya walang hard linya.

   On a round object the transition from light to dark is gradual - a hard edge would mean a sharp corner. This soft band is called the core shadow and getting it to fade is most of what makes a sphere read as a sphere.

   Mag-ingat Leaving a visible seam where the shading starts.

   Tingnan Run a finger along the transition. You should not be able to point at where it begins.

10. Hakbang 10

    Mag-iwan ng isang mas magaan band sa tabi ng mas mababa gilid.

    Light bounces up off the table and catches the underside. That thin lighter strip is called reflected light, and it is what stops the apple looking glued to the background. It is subtle - lighter than the core shadow, still darker than the lit side.

    Mag-ingat Making it as bright as the highlight, which flattens the bottom of the apple out again.

    Tingnan Three values along the bottom: dark, then slightly lighter, then the shadow on the table.

11. Hakbang 11

    Idagdag ang cast lilim sa mesa, ang layo mula sa ilaw.

    The cast shadow is darkest where it meets the apple and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the fruit to a surface - without it the apple floats, however well you have shaded it.

    Mag-ingat Drawing it as an even grey oval detached from the apple.

    Tingnan It should touch the apple and be darkest right at that contact point.

12. Hakbang 12

    Deepen ang darkest madilim at suriin ang iyong hanay.

    Hold your drawing at arm's length and squint. You should see a clear lightest area, a clear darkest area, and a smooth ramp between. If everything sits in a narrow band of grey, push the darks - almost nobody pushes them far enough on a first attempt.

    Mag-ingat Lightening the highlight instead of darkening the shadow. Contrast comes from the dark end.

    Tingnan Squint at it. Can you still see three distinct values?

13. Hakbang 13

    Pumunta sa ibabaw ng outline, iba-iba kung gaano kahirap pindutin mo.

    A real edge is not one uniform line. Where the form turns away from you into shadow it is darker and firmer; where the light hits it the edge almost disappears. Varying it is the last thing that separates a drawing from a colouring page.

    Mag-ingat Tracing the whole outline at one weight, which undoes the roundness you just shaded in.

    Tingnan The outline on the shadow side should be visibly darker than on the lit side.