How to Draw an Apple

Қадамма-қадам

1. Қадам 1

   Юқорилигидан бир оз кенгроқ доира чизинг.

   Start round and correct it later. An apple is not a perfect sphere but it is much closer to one than beginners draw it - most people go straight for the dented top and end up with a shape that reads as a pepper.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Drawing the classic 'apple silhouette' from memory instead of the round mass that is actually there.

   _Ташхислаш Slightly wider than tall, and no dent yet.

2. Қадам 2

   Юқорига, бир томонга, чуқур қиррали қирра босинг.

   The dip where the stem sits is rarely centred, and putting it slightly to one side immediately makes the apple look like a real one rather than a logo. Keep the dent shallow.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Cutting a deep V into the top. Real apples dimple, they do not fold.

   _Ташхислаш The dent should be off-centre and gentle enough to still read as a circle.

3. Қадам 3

   Юқори қисмини ҳам марказдан бир оз четга суринг.

   Almost nothing in nature is symmetrical, and an apple leans. Nudging the base a little away from the dent gives the fruit a direction, which reads as weight.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Making the outline perfectly symmetrical, which looks designed rather than observed.

   _Ташхислаш Draw a vertical line through the dent - the two halves should NOT match exactly.

4. Қадам 4

   (Ушбу оятда Аллоҳ таоло Пайғамбаримиз Муҳаммад алайҳиссаломга хитоб қилиб, Аллоҳнинг динини кенг тарғиб қилишни, Аллоҳнинг динига даъват қилишни амр қилмоқда.)

   A stem is a short thick tube, not a hair. Give it some width and let it lean - a vertical stem in the middle is the fastest way to make an apple look like a cartoon.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Drawing it as a single thin line straight up.

   _Ташхислаш It should be thick enough to have two sides.

5. Қадам 5

   Ёғду қўшиш: иккита бурчак нуқтада учрашади.

   One curve is the top edge, the other the bottom, and they meet at a tip. Attach it to the stem rather than floating it nearby - the join is what stops it looking pasted on.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Drawing the leaf as an oval, which reads as a balloon.

   _Ташхислаш Both curves should meet at both ends: base and tip.

6. Қадам 6

   Бу нур қаердан келаётганини аниқлаб олинг ва уни белгиланг.

   Everything from here depends on this one decision, so make it consciously rather than letting it drift. Pick a direction - upper left is easiest - and commit. If you have a real apple, put a lamp on one side of it and look.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Not deciding, then shading a bit everywhere. That is the single reason most beginner drawings look flat.

   _Ташхислаш You should be able to say out loud where the light is.

7. Қадам 7

   Ёруғлик энг кўп тушадиган жойда ёруғликни чизиб чиқинг.

   The brightest spot is not on the edge - it is on the part of the surface facing the light most squarely, which on a sphere is inside the form, slightly up and toward the light. Outline it now so you remember not to shade it.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Putting the highlight on the outline instead of inside the shape.

   _Ташхислаш The highlight should be surrounded by apple on all sides.

8. Қадам 8

   (Аллоҳ таоло Қуръони каримда мўмин бандаларига Ўзи хоҳлаган нарсани ато этишини баён қилмоқда.)

   Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing produces an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay your strokes the same way and build the darkness up in passes.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

   _Ташхислаш The darkest area should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

9. Қадам 9

   (Аллоҳ таоло Ўзининг улуғ неъмати-Қуръони Каримни нозил қилгандан сўнг, бу неъматнинг қадрига етган ҳар бир инсонни «Қуръон аҳли» деб номлади.

   On a round object the transition from light to dark is gradual - a hard edge would mean a sharp corner. This soft band is called the core shadow and getting it to fade is most of what makes a sphere read as a sphere.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Leaving a visible seam where the shading starts.

   _Ташхислаш Run a finger along the transition. You should not be able to point at where it begins.

10. Қадам 10

    Юқори қисмида ёрқинроқ чизиқ қолдиринг.

    Light bounces up off the table and catches the underside. That thin lighter strip is called reflected light, and it is what stops the apple looking glued to the background. It is subtle - lighter than the core shadow, still darker than the lit side.

    Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Making it as bright as the highlight, which flattens the bottom of the apple out again.

    _Ташхислаш Three values along the bottom: dark, then slightly lighter, then the shadow on the table.

11. Қадам 11

    Унинг соясини столга қўйинг, ёруғликдан узоқроқ.

    The cast shadow is darkest where it meets the apple and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the fruit to a surface - without it the apple floats, however well you have shaded it.

    Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Drawing it as an even grey oval detached from the apple.

    _Ташхислаш It should touch the apple and be darkest right at that contact point.

12. Қадам 12

    Қоронғилик қоронғилигини чуқурлаштир ва ўзингизнинг масофангизни текширинг.

    Hold your drawing at arm's length and squint. You should see a clear lightest area, a clear darkest area, and a smooth ramp between. If everything sits in a narrow band of grey, push the darks - almost nobody pushes them far enough on a first attempt.

    Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Lightening the highlight instead of darkening the shadow. Contrast comes from the dark end.

    _Ташхислаш Squint at it. Can you still see three distinct values?

13. Қадам 13

    Қанчалик қаттиқ боссанг, шунчалик ўзгариб туради.

    A real edge is not one uniform line. Where the form turns away from you into shadow it is darker and firmer; where the light hits it the edge almost disappears. Varying it is the last thing that separates a drawing from a colouring page.

    Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Tracing the whole outline at one weight, which undoes the roundness you just shaded in.

    _Ташхислаш The outline on the shadow side should be visibly darker than on the lit side.