How to Draw an Apple

Bước một bước

1. Bước 1

   Vẽ một vòng tròn rộng hơn chiều cao của nó một chút.

   Start round and correct it later. An apple is not a perfect sphere but it is much closer to one than beginners draw it - most people go straight for the dented top and end up with a shape that reads as a pepper.

   Cẩn thận! Drawing the classic 'apple silhouette' from memory instead of the round mass that is actually there.

   Kiểm tra Slightly wider than tall, and no dent yet.

2. Bước 2

   Đưa một cái lỗ nhỏ vào trên, đi ra một bên.

   The dip where the stem sits is rarely centred, and putting it slightly to one side immediately makes the apple look like a real one rather than a logo. Keep the dent shallow.

   Cẩn thận! Cutting a deep V into the top. Real apples dimple, they do not fold.

   Kiểm tra The dent should be off-centre and gentle enough to still read as a circle.

3. Bước 3

   Để phần dưới ngồi hơi lệch trung tâm.

   Almost nothing in nature is symmetrical, and an apple leans. Nudging the base a little away from the dent gives the fruit a direction, which reads as weight.

   Cẩn thận! Making the outline perfectly symmetrical, which looks designed rather than observed.

   Kiểm tra Draw a vertical line through the dent - the two halves should NOT match exactly.

4. Bước 4

   Đổi cây ra, nghiêng ra khỏi chỗ bị vỡ.

   A stem is a short thick tube, not a hair. Give it some width and let it lean - a vertical stem in the middle is the fastest way to make an apple look like a cartoon.

   Cẩn thận! Drawing it as a single thin line straight up.

   Kiểm tra It should be thick enough to have two sides.

5. Bước 5

   Thêm một lá: hai đường cong gặp nhau tại một điểm.

   One curve is the top edge, the other the bottom, and they meet at a tip. Attach it to the stem rather than floating it nearby - the join is what stops it looking pasted on.

   Cẩn thận! Drawing the leaf as an oval, which reads as a balloon.

   Kiểm tra Both curves should meet at both ends: base and tip.

6. Bước 6

   Đặt ánh sáng ở đâu và đánh dấu nó.

   Everything from here depends on this one decision, so make it consciously rather than letting it drift. Pick a direction - upper left is easiest - and commit. If you have a real apple, put a lamp on one side of it and look.

   Cẩn thận! Not deciding, then shading a bit everywhere. That is the single reason most beginner drawings look flat.

   Kiểm tra You should be able to say out loud where the light is.

7. Bước 7

   Đặt điểm sáng ở nơi ánh sáng chiếu trực tiếp nhất.

   The brightest spot is not on the edge - it is on the part of the surface facing the light most squarely, which on a sphere is inside the form, slightly up and toward the light. Outline it now so you remember not to shade it.

   Cẩn thận! Putting the highlight on the outline instead of inside the shape.

   Kiểm tra The highlight should be surrounded by apple on all sides.

8. Bước 8

   Để bóng ở phía bên kia, tối nhất ở rìa.

   Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing produces an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay your strokes the same way and build the darkness up in passes.

   Cẩn thận! Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

   Kiểm tra The darkest area should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

9. Bước 9

   Trộn bóng vào ánh sáng để không có đường kẻ cứng.

   On a round object the transition from light to dark is gradual - a hard edge would mean a sharp corner. This soft band is called the core shadow and getting it to fade is most of what makes a sphere read as a sphere.

   Cẩn thận! Leaving a visible seam where the shading starts.

   Kiểm tra Run a finger along the transition. You should not be able to point at where it begins.

10. Bước 10

    Để lại một dải sáng hơn dọc theo cạnh dưới.

    Light bounces up off the table and catches the underside. That thin lighter strip is called reflected light, and it is what stops the apple looking glued to the background. It is subtle - lighter than the core shadow, still darker than the lit side.

    Cẩn thận! Making it as bright as the highlight, which flattens the bottom of the apple out again.

    Kiểm tra Three values along the bottom: dark, then slightly lighter, then the shadow on the table.

11. Bước 11

    Thêm bóng đèn vào bàn, tránh ánh sáng.

    The cast shadow is darkest where it meets the apple and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the fruit to a surface - without it the apple floats, however well you have shaded it.

    Cẩn thận! Drawing it as an even grey oval detached from the apple.

    Kiểm tra It should touch the apple and be darkest right at that contact point.

12. Bước 12

    Đi sâu vào bóng tối và kiểm tra tầm nhìn.

    Hold your drawing at arm's length and squint. You should see a clear lightest area, a clear darkest area, and a smooth ramp between. If everything sits in a narrow band of grey, push the darks - almost nobody pushes them far enough on a first attempt.

    Cẩn thận! Lightening the highlight instead of darkening the shadow. Contrast comes from the dark end.

    Kiểm tra Squint at it. Can you still see three distinct values?

13. Bước 13

    Đi qua đường viền, thay đổi độ nặng của bạn.

    A real edge is not one uniform line. Where the form turns away from you into shadow it is darker and firmer; where the light hits it the edge almost disappears. Varying it is the last thing that separates a drawing from a colouring page.

    Cẩn thận! Tracing the whole outline at one weight, which undoes the roundness you just shaded in.

    Kiểm tra The outline on the shadow side should be visibly darker than on the lit side.