How to Draw a Book
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Üzünü ortadan aşağı qısa xətt kimi çək.
It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.
Kağız üzərində çəkmək istərsiniz?
Biz şəkli düzəldərik və təmizləyirik. Kağızın sayı da eynidir.
Bu rəsm haqqında
you draw a box, you can draw a phone, a table, a building, a room, and so on. You can draw a phone, a table, a building, a room, and so on. You can draw a phone, a table, a building, a room, and so on. You can draw a phone, a table, a building, a room, and so on. You can draw a phone, a table, a building, a room, and so on. You can draw a boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's box: the lines going away from you are not parallel on the page.The rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that fixes almost everyone's boxThe rule that
Addım-addım
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Addım 1
Üzünü ortadan aşağı qısa xətt kimi çək.
Everything hangs off this. The spine is the hinge, and both page halves are measured from it - which is why drawing it first stops the book coming out bent.
Diqqət Starting with a page and adding the spine afterwards.
_Yoxla It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.
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Addım 2
Hər səhifənin üst kənarını bir-birinə azca əyilmiş şəkildə çək.
These are the edges going away from you, so they converge. Not dramatically - a few degrees is enough. This single detail is what separates a box from a folded rectangle.
Diqqət Drawing them parallel, or worse, diverging.
_Yoxla Extended, the two lines should eventually meet.
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Addım 3
Hər səhifəni kənar kənarınıza doğru dönən bir kənarla bağlayın.
These are the short edges of the covers. Keep them roughly the same length as each other - the two halves of an open book are the same size, and any difference reads as a mistake rather than as perspective.
Diqqət Making one cover visibly longer than the other.
_Yoxla Both outer edges should be about the same length.
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Addım 4
Bu zaman ürək qapaqları aşağıya doğru dönərək, ürək qapağının aşağı hissəsinə doğru hərəkət edir.
This closes the two page shapes. Corners must actually meet - overshoot slightly and let the lines cross rather than aiming to stop exactly on the point, because a crossed corner reads as closed and a gap does not.
Diqqət Stopping just short, leaving four small gaps.
_Yoxla Every corner should be closed or slightly crossed.
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Addım 5
Qalınlığı çək: hər xarici küncdən aşağı qısa xətt çək.
A book is a solid, not a sheet. These three short verticals turn the flat shape into a box, and they must all be the same length - unequal ones make the book look warped.
Diqqət Making the three drop lines different lengths.
_Yoxla All three verticals should measure the same.
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Addım 6
Bu xəttlərin altını birləşdirərək altını bağlayın.
Now the box is complete. These lines run parallel to the edges directly above them - if they do not, the thickness of the book changes along its length, which is the classic wobbly-box look.
Diqqət Drawing these at a different angle from the edges above.
_Yoxla Each bottom edge should run parallel to the one above it.
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Addım 7
Səhifə dəstəsini hər kənarda iki və ya üç qısa xətt kimi əlavə et.
Pages read as a stack, not a slab. Two or three lines following the cover edge is enough for the eye to fill in hundreds - drawing more just makes it look hatched.
Diqqət Drawing one hard line, which reads as solid wood.
_Yoxla You should see distinct layers, not a filled band.
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Addım 8
Hər səhifənin arxasında kiçik bir eğri çək.
Open pages are not flat - they dip toward the spine. Adding that curve is the difference between an open book and two flat cards taped together, and it takes one stroke each side.
Diqqət Leaving the pages perfectly flat.
_Yoxla Each page should dip slightly as it approaches the spine.
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Addım 9
Səhifənin bucağını izləyib mətn sətirlərini əlavə et.
Text lines run parallel to the top edge of the page they sit on, which means they are NOT horizontal - they lean with the perspective. Drawing them level is the fastest way to flatten a book you have just built.
Diqqət Drawing the text lines horizontally.
_Yoxla The text lines should lean the same way as the page's top edge.
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Addım 10
Kitabın kənarlarını işıqdan qoru.
Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.
Diqqət Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.
_Yoxla The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.
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Addım 11
Altdakı səthdə kölgə əlavə et.
The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the book and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the book floats, however well you have shaded it.
Diqqət Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.
_Yoxla It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.
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Addım 12
saxlamaq istədiyiniz xəttlərin üstünə gedin və yol göstəricilərini itir.
This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.
Diqqət Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.
_Yoxla The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.
Addım-addım çəkilməsini izlə
Üstdəki eyni addımlar, boş səhifədən bitmiş rəsmə qədər ardıcıllıqla oynanılır.
Bitmiş kimi göründüyü
Hər bir yol göstəricisi silinmiş və yalnız saxlamaq istədiyiniz xəttlərlə eyni rəsm. Əgər rəsmdə hələ də mərkəz xəttləri və bloklanmış formalar varsa, bu sizin hələ də etmədiyiniz addımdır - və təxminən 30 saniyə çəkir.
Sizinki bu cür görünməyəcək və görünməməli də. Bu, bir kəsin heyranlıqla çəkdiyi rəsm deyil, skeleti çıxarılmış konstruksiyadır - məqsədiniz hansı xəttlərin yol göstərici olduğunu göstərməkdir.
Bu sənə nə öyrədir
you draw a box, you can see the corners of the box, and the corners of the box are the same as the corners of the page. You can see the corners of the box, and the corners of the page are the same as the corners of the box. You can see the corners of the box, and the corners of the page are the same as the corners of the page. You can see the corners of the box, and the corners of the page are the same as the corners of the page. You can see the corners of the box, too.It drills hard.It doesn't just drills placement hard, it does it for you.It does it for you.It drills placement hard, it does it for you.It drills placement hard, it does it.It drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard, it drills placement hard,It drills placement hard, it drills hard,It drills placement hard, it drills hard,It drills placement hard, it drills hard,It drills hard, it drills hard, it drills hard,It drills hard, it drills hard, it drills hard, it drills hard, it drill
Buları sınayın: Line confidence Proportion Corners and joins
İstəyən şey
Bir qələm, çünki siz formanı asanlıqla çəkəcəksiniz və sonradan bu xəttlərin yarısını itirə bilərsiniz. Masanıza bir kitab qoyun - bu dərs yaddaşdan daha çox baxmaq üçün bir şeylə daha asandır.
Əgər səhv olarsa
If the book looks bent, your two page halves meet the spine at different angles. Draw the spine first and build both halves off it.
Draw the whole box lightly before any detail, including the edges you cannot see. Drawing only the visible edges is how the corners end up disagreeing with each other.
Do not press hard on construction lines. The method depends on being able to lose them, and a deeply grooved line stays visible long after the graphite is gone.
Addımları çap et
Ekrandan çıxar.
İnsanlar soruşurlar
- Kitabım niyə bükülmüş görünür?
- İki yarı arxa ilə fərqli bucaqlarda toqquşur. Əvvəl arxanı çək və ondan hər iki tərəfi düzəlt.
- Kənarlar paralel olmalıdır?
- Xeyr. Səndən uzaqlaşan kənarlar azca yaxınlaşır. Paralel kənarlar cızılmış qutuların səhv görünməsinin ən çox yayılmış səbəbidir.
- Səhifələri necə çəkmək olar?
- Bircə çətin xətt deyil, kənarda qısa xəttlərin bir dəstəsi kimi. İki və ya üçü kağız kimi oxumaq üçün kifayətdir.
- Mənim qaçış nöqtələrimə ehtiyacım varmı?
- Bu üçün yox. Yalnız kənarları bir-birinə yaxınlaşdırın və düzgün oxuna bilər.
- Görə bilmədiyim hissələri çəkməliyəm?
- Bəli, yüngülcə.
- Açıq kitab ya da bağlanmış kitab?
- Bu dərs açıq kitab çəkmək üçündür. Bağlanmış kitab eyni qutunun daha az addımlı versiyasıdır, buna görə də dərhal sonra sınayın.
- Mənim künclərim düz deyil.
- Bu əsl dərsdir. Onu yenidən çək - köşə dəqiqliyi digər rəsm bacarıqlarından daha sürətli inkişaf edir.
- Bu işdən sonra nə çəkməliyəm?
- Kubaq. Qutu və silindrik birgə sizin çəkmək istəyəcəyiniz çoxlu insan tərəfindən yaradılmış obyektləri əhatə edir.
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