How to Draw a Book

चरण द्वारा कदम

1. स्टेप 1

   छोटे पंक्ति के बीच की ओर की हड्डी बनाएं.

   Everything hangs off this. The spine is the hinge, and both page halves are measured from it - which is why drawing it first stops the book coming out bent.

   निगरानी Starting with a page and adding the spine afterwards.

   जाँचें It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.

2. स्टेप 2

   प्रत्येक पृष्ठ के शीर्ष किनारा को बनाएं, एक दूसरे की ओर थोड़ा ध्यान दें.

   These are the edges going away from you, so they converge. Not dramatically - a few degrees is enough. This single detail is what separates a box from a folded rectangle.

   निगरानी Drawing them parallel, or worse, diverging.

   जाँचें Extended, the two lines should eventually meet.

3. स्टेप 3

   हर पृष्ठ को बाहर की किनारे के साथ बंद करें आप की ओर आ रहा है.

   These are the short edges of the covers. Keep them roughly the same length as each other - the two halves of an open book are the same size, and any difference reads as a mistake rather than as perspective.

   निगरानी Making one cover visibly longer than the other.

   जाँचें Both outer edges should be about the same length.

4. स्टेप 4

   पीठ की तह में पीछे की ओर शामिल हों.

   This closes the two page shapes. Corners must actually meet - overshoot slightly and let the lines cross rather than aiming to stop exactly on the point, because a crossed corner reads as closed and a gap does not.

   निगरानी Stopping just short, leaving four small gaps.

   जाँचें Every corner should be closed or slightly crossed.

5. स्टेप 5

   लाइन्स आरेखित करें: हर बाहरी कोने से छोटी पंक्तियाँ.

   A book is a solid, not a sheet. These three short verticals turn the flat shape into a box, and they must all be the same length - unequal ones make the book look warped.

   निगरानी Making the three drop lines different lengths.

   जाँचें All three verticals should measure the same.

6. स्टेप 6

   इन पंक्तियों के तल में नीचे के हिस्से के साथ शामिल हों.

   Now the box is complete. These lines run parallel to the edges directly above them - if they do not, the thickness of the book changes along its length, which is the classic wobbly-box look.

   निगरानी Drawing these at a different angle from the edges above.

   जाँचें Each bottom edge should run parallel to the one above it.

7. स्टेप 7

   प्रत्येक किनारे पर दो या तीन छोटे पंक्तियों के रूप में पृष्ठ खडी सूची जोड़ें.

   Pages read as a stack, not a slab. Two or three lines following the cover edge is enough for the eye to fill in hundreds - drawing more just makes it look hatched.

   निगरानी Drawing one hard line, which reads as solid wood.

   जाँचें You should see distinct layers, not a filled band.

8. स्टेप 8

   प्रत्येक पृष्ठ में एक साधारण वक्र को उस दर्द के पास बनाएं.

   Open pages are not flat - they dip toward the spine. Adding that curve is the difference between an open book and two flat cards taped together, and it takes one stroke each side.

   निगरानी Leaving the pages perfectly flat.

   जाँचें Each page should dip slightly as it approaches the spine.

9. स्टेप 9

   पृष्ठ कोण के बाद पाठ की पंक्तियाँ जोड़ें.

   Text lines run parallel to the top edge of the page they sit on, which means they are NOT horizontal - they lean with the perspective. Drawing them level is the fastest way to flatten a book you have just built.

   निगरानी Drawing the text lines horizontally.

   जाँचें The text lines should lean the same way as the page's top edge.

10. स्टेप 10

    पुस्तक की दोनों ओर से प्रकाश की ओर छाया दें।

    Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

    निगरानी Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

    जाँचें The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

11. स्टेप 11

    नीचे की ओर छाया जोड़ें.

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the book and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the book floats, however well you have shaded it.

    निगरानी Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    जाँचें It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. स्टेप 12

    आप जो पंक्तियों को रखना चाहते हैं उन पर चले और गाइड को खो देना चाहते हैं.

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    निगरानी Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    जाँचें The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.