How to Draw a Book

चरणद्वारा चरण

1. चरण 1

   मध्यमा तल छोटो रेखाको रूपमा स्पाइन कोर्नुहोस् ।

   Everything hangs off this. The spine is the hinge, and both page halves are measured from it - which is why drawing it first stops the book coming out bent.

   हेर्नुहोस् Starting with a page and adding the spine afterwards.

   जाँच गर्नुहोस् It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.

2. चरण 2

   प्रत्येक पृष्ठको माथिल्लो किनारा कोर्नुहोस्, एक अर्कामा सानो झुकाव।

   These are the edges going away from you, so they converge. Not dramatically - a few degrees is enough. This single detail is what separates a box from a folded rectangle.

   हेर्नुहोस् Drawing them parallel, or worse, diverging.

   जाँच गर्नुहोस् Extended, the two lines should eventually meet.

3. चरण 3

   तपाईँको तिर फर्कदै गरेको बाहिरी किनारासँग प्रत्येक पृष्ठ बन्द गर्नुहोस् ।

   These are the short edges of the covers. Keep them roughly the same length as each other - the two halves of an open book are the same size, and any difference reads as a mistake rather than as perspective.

   हेर्नुहोस् Making one cover visibly longer than the other.

   जाँच गर्नुहोस् Both outer edges should be about the same length.

4. चरण 4

   Join the outer edges back to the bottom of the spine.

   This closes the two page shapes. Corners must actually meet - overshoot slightly and let the lines cross rather than aiming to stop exactly on the point, because a crossed corner reads as closed and a gap does not.

   हेर्नुहोस् Stopping just short, leaving four small gaps.

   जाँच गर्नुहोस् Every corner should be closed or slightly crossed.

5. चरण 5

   मोटाई कोर्नुहोस्: प्रत्येक बाह्य कुनाबाट तल छोटो रेखाहरू।

   A book is a solid, not a sheet. These three short verticals turn the flat shape into a box, and they must all be the same length - unequal ones make the book look warped.

   हेर्नुहोस् Making the three drop lines different lengths.

   जाँच गर्नुहोस् All three verticals should measure the same.

6. चरण 6

   तलको भाग बन्द गर्न ती रेखाहरूको तल भागमा सामेल हुनुहोस् ।

   Now the box is complete. These lines run parallel to the edges directly above them - if they do not, the thickness of the book changes along its length, which is the classic wobbly-box look.

   हेर्नुहोस् Drawing these at a different angle from the edges above.

   जाँच गर्नुहोस् Each bottom edge should run parallel to the one above it.

7. चरण 7

   प्रत्येक किनारामा दुई वा तीन छोटो रेखाहरूको रूपमा पृष्ठ स्ट्याक थप्नुहोस् ।

   Pages read as a stack, not a slab. Two or three lines following the cover edge is enough for the eye to fill in hundreds - drawing more just makes it look hatched.

   हेर्नुहोस् Drawing one hard line, which reads as solid wood.

   जाँच गर्नुहोस् You should see distinct layers, not a filled band.

8. चरण 8

   स्पाइन नजिक प्रत्येक पृष्ठमा सानो वक्र कोर्नुहोस् ।

   Open pages are not flat - they dip toward the spine. Adding that curve is the difference between an open book and two flat cards taped together, and it takes one stroke each side.

   हेर्नुहोस् Leaving the pages perfectly flat.

   जाँच गर्नुहोस् Each page should dip slightly as it approaches the spine.

9. चरण 9

   पृष्ठ कोण पछ्याउँदै पाठको रेखा थप्नुहोस् ।

   Text lines run parallel to the top edge of the page they sit on, which means they are NOT horizontal - they lean with the perspective. Drawing them level is the fastest way to flatten a book you have just built.

   हेर्नुहोस् Drawing the text lines horizontally.

   जाँच गर्नुहोस् The text lines should lean the same way as the page's top edge.

10. चरण 10

    प्रकाशबाट टाढा पुस्तकको किनारा छायाँ लगाउनुहोस् ।

    Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

    हेर्नुहोस् Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

    जाँच गर्नुहोस् The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

11. चरण 11

    तलको सतहमा छायाँ थप्नुहोस् ।

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the book and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the book floats, however well you have shaded it.

    हेर्नुहोस् Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    जाँच गर्नुहोस् It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. चरण 12

    तपाईँले राख्न चाहनुभएको रेखाहरू माथि जानुहोस्, र मार्गदर्शकहरू हराउनुहोस् ।

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    हेर्नुहोस् Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    जाँच गर्नुहोस् The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.