How to Draw a Book

Корак по корак

1. Корак 1

   Нацртајте кичму као кратку линију низ средину.

   Everything hangs off this. The spine is the hinge, and both page halves are measured from it - which is why drawing it first stops the book coming out bent.

   Пази. Starting with a page and adding the spine afterwards.

   Пров› јери It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.

2. Корак 2

   Нацртај горњу ивицу сваке странице, нагињајући се мало једни према другима.

   These are the edges going away from you, so they converge. Not dramatically - a few degrees is enough. This single detail is what separates a box from a folded rectangle.

   Пази. Drawing them parallel, or worse, diverging.

   Пров› јери Extended, the two lines should eventually meet.

3. Корак 3

   Затворите сваку страницу са спољашњом ивицом која се враћа према вама.

   These are the short edges of the covers. Keep them roughly the same length as each other - the two halves of an open book are the same size, and any difference reads as a mistake rather than as perspective.

   Пази. Making one cover visibly longer than the other.

   Пров› јери Both outer edges should be about the same length.

4. Корак 4

   Придружите се спољашњим ивицама назад на дно кичме.

   This closes the two page shapes. Corners must actually meet - overshoot slightly and let the lines cross rather than aiming to stop exactly on the point, because a crossed corner reads as closed and a gap does not.

   Пази. Stopping just short, leaving four small gaps.

   Пров› јери Every corner should be closed or slightly crossed.

5. Корак 5

   Цртајте дебљину: кратке линије доле од сваког спољашњег угла.

   A book is a solid, not a sheet. These three short verticals turn the flat shape into a box, and they must all be the same length - unequal ones make the book look warped.

   Пази. Making the three drop lines different lengths.

   Пров› јери All three verticals should measure the same.

6. Корак 6

   Придружите се дном тих линија да затворите доњу страну.

   Now the box is complete. These lines run parallel to the edges directly above them - if they do not, the thickness of the book changes along its length, which is the classic wobbly-box look.

   Пази. Drawing these at a different angle from the edges above.

   Пров› јери Each bottom edge should run parallel to the one above it.

7. Корак 7

   Додај стак странице као две или три краће редове на свакој ивици.

   Pages read as a stack, not a slab. Two or three lines following the cover edge is enough for the eye to fill in hundreds - drawing more just makes it look hatched.

   Пази. Drawing one hard line, which reads as solid wood.

   Пров› јери You should see distinct layers, not a filled band.

8. Корак 8

   Нацртај благу криву у сваку страницу близу кичме.

   Open pages are not flat - they dip toward the spine. Adding that curve is the difference between an open book and two flat cards taped together, and it takes one stroke each side.

   Пази. Leaving the pages perfectly flat.

   Пров› јери Each page should dip slightly as it approaches the spine.

9. Корак 9

   Додај редове текста, прати угао странице.

   Text lines run parallel to the top edge of the page they sit on, which means they are NOT horizontal - they lean with the perspective. Drawing them level is the fastest way to flatten a book you have just built.

   Пази. Drawing the text lines horizontally.

   Пров› јери The text lines should lean the same way as the page's top edge.

10. Корак 10

    Засенчи страну књиге далеко од светлости.

    Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

    Пази. Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

    Пров› јери The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

11. Корак 11

    Додај сенку на површину испод.

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the book and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the book floats, however well you have shaded it.

    Пази. Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    Пров› јери It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. Корак 12

    Иди преко линија које желиш да задржиш, и изгуби водиче.

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    Пази. Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    Пров› јери The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.