How to Draw a Book

అడుగు ద్వారా

1. అడుగు 1

   మధ్య గీత క్రిందగా నొక్కుని చిన్నగీతగా గీయండి.

   Everything hangs off this. The spine is the hinge, and both page halves are measured from it - which is why drawing it first stops the book coming out bent.

   చూడండి Starting with a page and adding the spine afterwards.

   చెక్‌చేయి It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.

2. అడుగు 2

   ఒక్కో పేజీ యొక్క చివరను గీయండి, ఒకదాని వైపు కాస్త సైకిలు పట్టుకుని ఉండండి.

   These are the edges going away from you, so they converge. Not dramatically - a few degrees is enough. This single detail is what separates a box from a folded rectangle.

   చూడండి Drawing them parallel, or worse, diverging.

   చెక్‌చేయి Extended, the two lines should eventually meet.

3. అడుగు 3

   బయట అంచుతో ప్రతి పేజీను మూయి.

   These are the short edges of the covers. Keep them roughly the same length as each other - the two halves of an open book are the same size, and any difference reads as a mistake rather than as perspective.

   చూడండి Making one cover visibly longer than the other.

   చెక్‌చేయి Both outer edges should be about the same length.

4. అడుగు 4

   ఆఫ్ అంచులను కుక్కించుము నుదుటి డౌన్ తిరిగి.

   This closes the two page shapes. Corners must actually meet - overshoot slightly and let the lines cross rather than aiming to stop exactly on the point, because a crossed corner reads as closed and a gap does not.

   చూడండి Stopping just short, leaving four small gaps.

   చెక్‌చేయి Every corner should be closed or slightly crossed.

5. అడుగు 5

   (k) దట్టాన్ని పైకి జరపుము: ప్రతి బాహ్య మూలనుండి చిన్న వరుసల గీతలు క్రిందకు వుంచుము.

   A book is a solid, not a sheet. These three short verticals turn the flat shape into a box, and they must all be the same length - unequal ones make the book look warped.

   చూడండి Making the three drop lines different lengths.

   చెక్‌చేయి All three verticals should measure the same.

6. అడుగు 6

   ఆ వరుసల అడుగున ఈ గీతల అడుగున కూర్చు.

   Now the box is complete. These lines run parallel to the edges directly above them - if they do not, the thickness of the book changes along its length, which is the classic wobbly-box look.

   చూడండి Drawing these at a different angle from the edges above.

   చెక్‌చేయి Each bottom edge should run parallel to the one above it.

7. అడుగు 7

   ఒక్కో అంచులో పేజీ స్టాక్‌ను రెండు మూడు చిన్న వరుసలుగా చేర్చండి.

   Pages read as a stack, not a slab. Two or three lines following the cover edge is enough for the eye to fill in hundreds - drawing more just makes it look hatched.

   చూడండి Drawing one hard line, which reads as solid wood.

   చెక్‌చేయి You should see distinct layers, not a filled band.

8. అడుగు 8

   కుక్‌కు దగ్గరగా ప్రతి పేజీలో చిన్న వంపును గీయండి

   Open pages are not flat - they dip toward the spine. Adding that curve is the difference between an open book and two flat cards taped together, and it takes one stroke each side.

   చూడండి Leaving the pages perfectly flat.

   చెక్‌చేయి Each page should dip slightly as it approaches the spine.

9. అడుగు 9

   పేజీ కోణం తర్వాత, వచనము యొక్క గీతలను జతచేయి.

   Text lines run parallel to the top edge of the page they sit on, which means they are NOT horizontal - they lean with the perspective. Drawing them level is the fastest way to flatten a book you have just built.

   చూడండి Drawing the text lines horizontally.

   చెక్‌చేయి The text lines should lean the same way as the page's top edge.

10. అడుగు 10

    బుక్ యొక్క వైపు కాంతికి దూరంగా షేడ్.

    Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

    చూడండి Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

    చెక్‌చేయి The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

11. అడుగు 11

    క్రింద ఉపరితలం మీడను జతచేయుము.

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the book and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the book floats, however well you have shaded it.

    చూడండి Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    చెక్‌చేయి It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. అడుగు 12

    మీరు ఉంచాలని మీరు లైన్లుపై వెళ్ళండి, మరియు మార్గదర్శకం కోల్పోతారు.

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    చూడండి Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    చెక్‌చేయి The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.