How to Draw a Book

قدم ب قدم

1. قدم 1

   وسط ميں مختصر ليني کے طور پر پشتي کو ديرا ئيں

   Everything hangs off this. The spine is the hinge, and both page halves are measured from it - which is why drawing it first stops the book coming out bent.

   دیکھو Starting with a page and adding the spine afterwards.

   چک It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.

2. قدم 2

   هر صفحے کے اوپري سرے کو ڈرائنگ کريں ، يک دوسرے کے طرف تھوڑا سا جھکتے هيں

   These are the edges going away from you, so they converge. Not dramatically - a few degrees is enough. This single detail is what separates a box from a folded rectangle.

   دیکھو Drawing them parallel, or worse, diverging.

   چک Extended, the two lines should eventually meet.

3. قدم 3

   ہر صفحے کو بند کريں جو آپ کے طرف واپس آتا هے

   These are the short edges of the covers. Keep them roughly the same length as each other - the two halves of an open book are the same size, and any difference reads as a mistake rather than as perspective.

   دیکھو Making one cover visibly longer than the other.

   چک Both outer edges should be about the same length.

4. قدم 4

   ستون فقرات کے زير سے باہري سرخے کو واپس ملائيں

   This closes the two page shapes. Corners must actually meet - overshoot slightly and let the lines cross rather than aiming to stop exactly on the point, because a crossed corner reads as closed and a gap does not.

   دیکھو Stopping just short, leaving four small gaps.

   چک Every corner should be closed or slightly crossed.

5. قدم 5

   گيڑي کھينچے کو ڑي کريں : ہر خارجي کو ن سے مختصر لينيیں نيچے کريں

   A book is a solid, not a sheet. These three short verticals turn the flat shape into a box, and they must all be the same length - unequal ones make the book look warped.

   دیکھو Making the three drop lines different lengths.

   چک All three verticals should measure the same.

6. قدم 6

   ان لائين کے زير کو بند کر نے کے ليے انکے زير کو شامل کريں

   Now the box is complete. These lines run parallel to the edges directly above them - if they do not, the thickness of the book changes along its length, which is the classic wobbly-box look.

   دیکھو Drawing these at a different angle from the edges above.

   چک Each bottom edge should run parallel to the one above it.

7. قدم 7

   صفحہ سٹا کل کو دو يا تین مختصر لائين کے طور پر ہر کنارے پر شامل کريں

   Pages read as a stack, not a slab. Two or three lines following the cover edge is enough for the eye to fill in hundreds - drawing more just makes it look hatched.

   دیکھو Drawing one hard line, which reads as solid wood.

   چک You should see distinct layers, not a filled band.

8. قدم 8

   ستون فقرات کے قریب ہر صفحے ميں خفيه منحني کھينچ کريں

   Open pages are not flat - they dip toward the spine. Adding that curve is the difference between an open book and two flat cards taped together, and it takes one stroke each side.

   دیکھو Leaving the pages perfectly flat.

   چک Each page should dip slightly as it approaches the spine.

9. قدم 9

   صفحے کے زاويے کے مطابق متن کی لائيں شامل کريں

   Text lines run parallel to the top edge of the page they sit on, which means they are NOT horizontal - they lean with the perspective. Drawing them level is the fastest way to flatten a book you have just built.

   دیکھو Drawing the text lines horizontally.

   چک The text lines should lean the same way as the page's top edge.

10. قدم 10

    کتاب کے کنارے کو روشنی سے دور چھپاؤ۔

    Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

    دیکھو Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

    چک The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

11. قدم 11

    سطح کے نيچے سا يں شامل کريں

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the book and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the book floats, however well you have shaded it.

    دیکھو Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    چک It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. قدم 12

    آپ کو برقرار رکھنے کے لئے چاہتے ہیں، اور رہنمائیوں کو کھو لینوں سے بڑھ کر جاؤ.

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    دیکھو Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    چک The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.