How to Draw a Fox

Krok po kroku

1. Krok 1

   Zablokuj w wielkim kręgu lisowej głowy.

   Everything else gets measured against this, so draw it in one motion rather than in short careful passes. A slightly lopsided shape drawn confidently is more use than a perfect one built out of twelve nervous strokes, because you can correct a shape and you cannot un-see a hesitant line.

   Uwaga. Drawing it small to leave room for detail. The big shape is most of the drawing - use the space.

   Sprawdź It should fill most of your page, with a margin all round.

2. Krok 2

   Dodaj dwie linie środkowe, lekko.

   These are the rulers for everything that follows. Without them the two halves of the fox drift apart by a few millimetres at a time and you do not notice until it is finished and subtly wrong. Press lightly - they come off at the end.

   Uwaga. Skipping them because it looks symmetrical already. It will not be by the time you are done.

   Sprawdź They should cross at the middle of the shape you just drew.

3. Krok 3

   Narysuj łuskę jako długi wąski klin.

   This is the shape that says fox rather than dog. It comes off the lower half of the circle and it is longer and thinner than feels right - compare its length to the head circle rather than guessing, and it should be about half as long as the head is wide.

   Uwaga. A short, wide muzzle, which reads as a puppy.

   Sprawdź The muzzle should be about half the head's width in length.

4. Krok 4

   Narysuj pierwsze ucho: wysoki trójkąt, nachylając się na zewnątrz.

   Fox ears are big - roughly as tall as half the head circle - and the outer edge curves in slightly rather than running dead straight. Set the angle deliberately, because the two ears must agree.

   Uwaga. Making the ears too small and too upright.

   Sprawdź The ear should be about half the height of the head circle.

5. Krok 5

   Narysuj drugie ucho, aby pasować do pierwszego.

   Compare it to the one you just drew rather than to your idea of a ear: same size, same angle, same distance from the centre. This is the comparison habit that fixes proportion everywhere, and a pair is the easiest place to practise it because the error is obvious once you look for it.

   Uwaga. Making the second ear smaller - it usually happens because your hand is more cramped on that side.

   Sprawdź Both should sit the same distance from the centre line.

6. Krok 6

   Dodaj wewnętrzne ucho jako mniejszy trójkąt w każdym.

   Set in from the edges and slightly lower than the outer point. This is where the dark goes later, and it is what makes an ear read as a cup rather than as a flat shape stuck to the head.

   Uwaga. Inner triangles that touch the outer edges, which flattens the ear.

   Sprawdź There should be a visible margin all round each inner triangle.

7. Krok 7

   Umieścić oczy na poziomej środkowej linii.

   Fox eyes are almond-shaped and angled - the outer corner sits higher than the inner one, which is what gives a fox its sharp expression. Leave a full eye's width between them.

   Uwaga. Round eyes set level, which looks startled rather than alert.

   Sprawdź You should be able to fit one more eye between the two.

8. Krok 8

   Dodaj nos na wierzchołku i linię z powrotem do ust.

   A small rounded triangle, and it points down. The line from the nose back along the muzzle is what separates the top of the snout from the jaw, and without it the muzzle reads as a solid wedge.

   Uwaga. A large round nose, which pulls the drawing back toward a dog.

   Sprawdź The nose should be small relative to the muzzle.

9. Krok 9

   Narysuj ciało jako zaokrąglony trójkąt pod głową.

   A sitting fox is essentially a wide-based triangle with the head on top. Overlap it with the head circle rather than butting them together - the overlap is what makes the head sit in front of the chest.

   Uwaga. Placing the body directly under the head with no overlap, which reads as two stacked shapes.

   Sprawdź The body outline should pass behind the head.

10. Krok 10

    Rysuj ogon jako długą grubą krzywą, szerszą niż się spodziewasz.

    This is the shape most people undersize. A fox tail is about as long as the body and roughly a third as thick, and it curls round the base of the body rather than sticking out behind. Draw its outline as two curves, not one.

    Uwaga. A thin tail, which loses the whole silhouette.

    Sprawdź The tail should be at least a third as thick as the body is wide.

11. Krok 11

    Oznacz białą klatę piersiową i biały ogon.

    These are the two shapes that make a fox recognisable without colour. They are areas you leave alone, not areas you draw - deciding now where the paper stays white is what stops you shading over them in the next step.

    Uwaga. Shading the whole fox evenly and then trying to erase the white back in.

    Sprawdź You should have two clearly reserved light shapes.

12. Krok 12

    Zacień przewody ucha, nogi i łuski najtemniejsze.

    A fox's dark points are its ear tips, its lower legs and the very tip of its muzzle. Get real contrast between those and the white chest - a fox in a narrow band of grey looks like a stuffed toy.

    Uwaga. Being timid, so the darks and the whites end up only slightly different.

    Sprawdź The ear tips should be clearly the darkest part of the drawing.

13. Krok 13

    Dodaj kilka wusów i sugestię futra na klatce piersiowej.

    Detail is suggested, never itemised. A handful of marks in the right places lets the eye fill in the rest, and drawing every one flattens the drawing into texture. Put them where they matter and stop early.

    Uwaga. Adding detail evenly all over, which removes the contrast between busy areas and quiet ones.

    Sprawdź Step back. You should still read the big shape first, detail second.

14. Krok 14

    Przejdźcie linie, które chcecie zatrzymać i stracicie przewodniki.

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    Uwaga. Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    Sprawdź The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.