How to Draw a Fox

14 hatua ~12 min Ugumu 2/5 Huru, hakuna alama

Unachochora leo

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Bonyeza katika mviringo wa kichwa cha mbweha.

It should fill most of your page, with a margin all round.

Badala ya hivyo, ni kuchora kwenye karatasi?

Picha ya picha yako ya karatasi

Karatasi za mkononi hulainisha na kusafisha picha kwa ajili yenu.

Kuhusu mchoro huu

Ikiwa umemvuta paka huyo, mbweha ni kinoo kimoja. Kila kitu anachochana, mbweha: masikio ni pembetatu ndefu zaidi, mdomo ni kibano kirefu badala ya kuanguka kwa uanana, na mkia ni mkubwa kama mwili.

Hatua kwa hatua

Hatua 1

Bonyeza katika mviringo wa kichwa cha mbweha.

Everything else gets measured against this, so draw it in one motion rather than in short careful passes. A slightly lopsided shape drawn confidently is more use than a perfect one built out of twelve nervous strokes, because you can correct a shape and you cannot un-see a hesitant line.

Jihadhari Drawing it small to leave room for detail. The big shape is most of the drawing - use the space.

Chunguza It should fill most of your page, with a margin all round.
Hatua 2

Ongeza mistari miwili ya katikati, kwa kiasi kidogo.

These are the rulers for everything that follows. Without them the two halves of the fox drift apart by a few millimetres at a time and you do not notice until it is finished and subtly wrong. Press lightly - they come off at the end.

Jihadhari Skipping them because it looks symmetrical already. It will not be by the time you are done.

Chunguza They should cross at the middle of the shape you just drew.
Hatua 3

Chora mdomo ukiwa kitu chembamba kirefu.

This is the shape that says fox rather than dog. It comes off the lower half of the circle and it is longer and thinner than feels right - compare its length to the head circle rather than guessing, and it should be about half as long as the head is wide.

Jihadhari A short, wide muzzle, which reads as a puppy.

Chunguza The muzzle should be about half the head's width in length.
Hatua 4

Chora sikio la kwanza: pembetatu ndefu yenye umbo la pembe tatu, inayoegemea upande wa nje.

Fox ears are big - roughly as tall as half the head circle - and the outer edge curves in slightly rather than running dead straight. Set the angle deliberately, because the two ears must agree.

Jihadhari Making the ears too small and too upright.

Chunguza The ear should be about half the height of the head circle.
Hatua 5

Chora sikio la pili lipatane na lile la kwanza.

Compare it to the one you just drew rather than to your idea of a ear: same size, same angle, same distance from the centre. This is the comparison habit that fixes proportion everywhere, and a pair is the easiest place to practise it because the error is obvious once you look for it.

Jihadhari Making the second ear smaller - it usually happens because your hand is more cramped on that side.

Chunguza Both should sit the same distance from the centre line.
Hatua 6

Ongeza sikio la ndani likiwa pembetatu ndogo ndani ya kila sikio.

Set in from the edges and slightly lower than the outer point. This is where the dark goes later, and it is what makes an ear read as a cup rather than as a flat shape stuck to the head.

Jihadhari Inner triangles that touch the outer edges, which flattens the ear.

Chunguza There should be a visible margin all round each inner triangle.
Hatua 7

Weka macho kwenye mstari wa mlalo.

Fox eyes are almond-shaped and angled - the outer corner sits higher than the inner one, which is what gives a fox its sharp expression. Leave a full eye's width between them.

Jihadhari Round eyes set level, which looks startled rather than alert.

Chunguza You should be able to fit one more eye between the two.
Hatua 8

Ongeza pua kwenye ncha ya mdomo na mstari wa nyuma kwenye mdomo.

A small rounded triangle, and it points down. The line from the nose back along the muzzle is what separates the top of the snout from the jaw, and without it the muzzle reads as a solid wedge.

Jihadhari A large round nose, which pulls the drawing back toward a dog.

Chunguza The nose should be small relative to the muzzle.
Hatua 9

Chora mwili ukiwa pembetatu yenye umbo la mviringo chini ya kichwa.

A sitting fox is essentially a wide-based triangle with the head on top. Overlap it with the head circle rather than butting them together - the overlap is what makes the head sit in front of the chest.

Jihadhari Placing the body directly under the head with no overlap, which reads as two stacked shapes.

Chunguza The body outline should pass behind the head.
Hatua 10

Chora mkia ukiwa na umbo refu refu, upana zaidi ya ulivyotazamia.

This is the shape most people undersize. A fox tail is about as long as the body and roughly a third as thick, and it curls round the base of the body rather than sticking out behind. Draw its outline as two curves, not one.

Jihadhari A thin tail, which loses the whole silhouette.

Chunguza The tail should be at least a third as thick as the body is wide.
Hatua 11

Tia alama kwenye sanduku jeupe na ncha nyeupe ya mkia.

These are the two shapes that make a fox recognisable without colour. They are areas you leave alone, not areas you draw - deciding now where the paper stays white is what stops you shading over them in the next step.

Jihadhari Shading the whole fox evenly and then trying to erase the white back in.

Chunguza You should have two clearly reserved light shapes.
Hatua 12

Funga ncha za sikio, miguu na ncha ya ncha ya mdomo iliyo giza zito.

A fox's dark points are its ear tips, its lower legs and the very tip of its muzzle. Get real contrast between those and the white chest - a fox in a narrow band of grey looks like a stuffed toy.

Jihadhari Being timid, so the darks and the whites end up only slightly different.

Chunguza The ear tips should be clearly the darkest part of the drawing.
Hatua 13

Ongeza sharafa chache na dokezo la manyoya kifuani.

Detail is suggested, never itemised. A handful of marks in the right places lets the eye fill in the rest, and drawing every one flattens the drawing into texture. Put them where they matter and stop early.

Jihadhari Adding detail evenly all over, which removes the contrast between busy areas and quiet ones.

Chunguza Step back. You should still read the big shape first, detail second.
Hatua 14

Nenda kwenye mistari unayotaka kuweka, na upoteze viongozi.

This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

Jihadhari Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

Chunguza The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.

Itazame, hatua kwa hatua

Hatua zilezile zilizokuwa juu, zilichezwa kwa njia ya kutoka ukurasa ulio wazi hadi mchoro uliomalizika.

Jengo lililojengwa kutoka ngazi zilezile juu - hakuna filamu, hakuna lolote lililotengenezwa kwa mkono.

Inafanana na kukamilishwa

Mchoro huohuo na kila kiongozi ulifuta na ni mistari tu uliyotaka kuiweka, kwa uzito uliotaka iwe. Kama una mistari ya kati na alama za ndani, hii ndiyo hatua ambayo hujafanya bado - na inachukua karibu sekunde thelathini.

The finished drawing of a fox with the construction lines erased

Huu ndio ujenzi wa jukwaa lililochukuliwa, wala si mchoro wa mtu aliyefanywa apendwe - lengo ni kukuonyesha ni ipi ya mistari yako iliyokuwa na miongozo.

Kile ambacho huyu akufundisha hasa

Kila kisehemu hapa kimewekwa kwa kupima kitu kilicho kwenye ukurasa - mdomo unaofunika kichwa, sikio la pili dhidi ya la kwanza, mkia dhidi ya mwili - na hakuna hata moja linalokumbuka kile ambacho mbweha huonekana kama vile. Pia huingiza tabia katika lugha yenye umbo: maumbo ya moja ya uso yakiwa chonjo na makali, yenye kupokezana yakiwa ya mviringo yakiwa mororo. Ujenzi, hisia tofauti, na kujua ni nini hasa wengo lililo na uvutano wa aina ya chokaa.

Kanuni: Line confidence Proportion Corners and joins

Unachohitaji

Ikiwa una penseli nyekundu au rangi ya machungwa hatua ya mwisho inafurahisha zaidi, lakini mchoro huo unachora picha ya grafati na hatua ya kivuli si ya rangi tu.

Kama kuna makosa

Ikiwa ni kama mbwa, mdomo ni mfupi sana na masikio ni marefu sana; mdomo wa mbweha ni mwembamba; masikio ni marefu na yenye pembe tatu ndefu zenye kona ndogo ya ndani. Kama huonekana kama paka, hujaufanya mkia uwe mkubwa vya kutosha; mkia wa mbweha ni mrefu na mnene kuliko ulivyotazamia.

Pitia hatua hizo

Uiondoe kwenye kiwambo. kurasa za ngazi za maandishi kwenye ukurasa mmoja.

Barua (US) paper size

Maswali ambayo watu huuliza

Kwa nini mbweha wangu afanana na mbwa?: Uzi ni mfupi mno na masikio ni ya mviringo sana.
Mkia unapaswa kuwa mkubwa kadiri gani?: Mkia uliofunikwa chini ya ardhi ndio kosa la pili ambalo hufanyika kwa wingi kuliko ulivyofikiri.
Masikio huenda wapi?: Linganisha sikio la pili na lile la kwanza badala ya kulichora kutoka kwenye mikwaruzo.
Je, ninahitaji rangi?: La. kifua cheupe, miguu yenye giza na ncha nyeupe ya mkia hufanya kazi katika grafati maadamu unaondoa thamani hizo.
Hilo ni tofauti jinsi gani na somo la paka?: Ikiwa paka huyo angejenga vizuri, utajenga vizuri zaidi kwa muda wa dakika kumi na mbili hivi.
Nyozi wangu ana sura ya tambarare.: Hupaswi kuweka giza chini, miguu na ncha za masikio zinapaswa kuwa nyeusi zaidi ya mwili, si kidogo.
Je, mbweha anapaswa kuketi au kusimama?: Katika somo hili, anakunja miguu miwili na kukuruhusu ukazie fikira kichwa na mkia, ambao una tabia hiyo.
Nifuateje jambo hili?: Kicho, kwa ellipses, au jicho ikiwa wataka kuruka hadi kitu kigumu zaidi mahali hapo.