How to Draw a Mug

Стъпка по стъпка

1. Стъпка 1

   Оправи се с нивото на окото и го отбележи.

   Everything about the ellipses follows from this. If the mug is below your eye level you will see into it; if it is level you will not. Make the decision consciously now rather than letting it drift halfway through the drawing.

   Внимавай! Not deciding, then drawing a rim that contradicts the base.

   Проверка You should be able to say whether you are looking down into this mug or across at it.

2. Стъпка 2

   Нарисувайте обръча като един елипса, с едно бързо движение.

   Go round three or four times without stopping and keep the best pass. Speed is what makes an ellipse smooth - drawn slowly it comes out lumpy on one side every single time, because your hand cannot hold a curve at low speed.

   Внимавай! Building it out of short careful arcs.

   Проверка It should be symmetrical about its own long axis.

3. Стъпка 3

   Нарисувай двете страни надолу, свързвайки се малко.

   Start exactly at the ends of the ellipse's long axis. A slight taper inward looks more natural than perfectly parallel sides, and it is what most real mugs do.

   Внимавай! Starting the sides inside or outside the rim, which leaves a visible step.

   Проверка Each side should begin exactly at the widest point of the rim.

4. Стъпка 4

   Затворете дъното с елипса малко по-округла от горната част.

   The base is further from your eye level than the rim, so it is rounder. Same width, more curve. Getting this relationship right is the difference between a mug that sits on the table and one that appears to be sliding off it.

   Внимавай! Drawing the base flatter than the rim, or as a straight line.

   Проверка Rounder than the rim, and exactly the same width.

5. Стъпка 5

   Добавете втора крива точно в обвивката.

   This thin band is the thickness of the ceramic, and it is what makes the top read as an opening rather than a painted disc. One stroke, following the rim's curve.

   Внимавай! Drawing it parallel all the way round instead of following the ellipse.

   Проверка There should be a visible band between the two curves at the front.

6. Стъпка 6

   Нарисувайте външната крива на дръжката.

   Start just below the rim and end about two-thirds of the way down the side. Both ends must touch the mug - a handle that floats beside the body is the most common error here and it is instantly visible.

   Внимавай! Leaving a gap where the handle meets the mug.

   Проверка Both ends of the curve should touch the side of the mug.

7. Стъпка 7

   Дайте дебелина на дръжката с втора крива вътре.

   A handle is a strap, not a wire. The inner curve runs parallel to the outer one and meets the mug slightly closer in at both ends. This is a small change that makes a large difference to how solid the mug looks.

   Внимавай! Drawing the handle as a single line.

   Проверка There should be a visible gap between the two handle curves.

8. Стъпка 8

   Марк откъде идва светлината.

   Pick a side and commit. A cylinder shades differently from a sphere - the darkest band sits just inside the edge on the shadow side, not at the very edge, because light bounces back up off the table onto the rim.

   Внимавай! Shading the very edge darkest, which makes the mug look flat.

   Проверка You should be able to say which side is lit.

9. Стъпка 9

   Засенчи отстрани от чашата от светлината.

   Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

   Внимавай! Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

   Проверка The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

10. Стъпка 10

    Добавете запалка на ръба на сянката.

    Light bouncing off the table catches the very edge of a cylinder, so the darkest band sits slightly INSIDE the outline. Leaving that thin lighter strip is what makes the mug read as round rather than as a shaded rectangle.

    Внимавай! Running the shading right up to the outline.

    Проверка There should be a thin lighter line between your shading and the edge.

11. Стъпка 11

    Добавете сянката на повърхността отдолу.

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the mug and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the mug floats, however well you have shaded it.

    Внимавай! Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    Проверка It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. Стъпка 12

    Преминете линиите, които искате да запазите, и загубете водачите.

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    Внимавай! Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    Проверка The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.