How to Draw a Mug

Bước một bước

1. Bước 1

   Đặt mắt ở độ cao và đánh dấu.

   Everything about the ellipses follows from this. If the mug is below your eye level you will see into it; if it is level you will not. Make the decision consciously now rather than letting it drift halfway through the drawing.

   Cẩn thận! Not deciding, then drawing a rim that contradicts the base.

   Kiểm tra You should be able to say whether you are looking down into this mug or across at it.

2. Bước 2

   Vẽ đường viền như một hình elip, trong một chuyển động nhanh.

   Go round three or four times without stopping and keep the best pass. Speed is what makes an ellipse smooth - drawn slowly it comes out lumpy on one side every single time, because your hand cannot hold a curve at low speed.

   Cẩn thận! Building it out of short careful arcs.

   Kiểm tra It should be symmetrical about its own long axis.

3. Bước 3

   Vẽ hai bên thẳng xuống, hẹp lại một chút.

   Start exactly at the ends of the ellipse's long axis. A slight taper inward looks more natural than perfectly parallel sides, and it is what most real mugs do.

   Cẩn thận! Starting the sides inside or outside the rim, which leaves a visible step.

   Kiểm tra Each side should begin exactly at the widest point of the rim.

4. Bước 4

   Đóng phần dưới với một hình elip tròn hơn phần trên một chút.

   The base is further from your eye level than the rim, so it is rounder. Same width, more curve. Getting this relationship right is the difference between a mug that sits on the table and one that appears to be sliding off it.

   Cẩn thận! Drawing the base flatter than the rim, or as a straight line.

   Kiểm tra Rounder than the rim, and exactly the same width.

5. Bước 5

   Thêm một đường cong thứ hai ngay bên trong vòng tròn.

   This thin band is the thickness of the ceramic, and it is what makes the top read as an opening rather than a painted disc. One stroke, following the rim's curve.

   Cẩn thận! Drawing it parallel all the way round instead of following the ellipse.

   Kiểm tra There should be a visible band between the two curves at the front.

6. Bước 6

   Vẽ đường cong bên ngoài của cái nắm.

   Start just below the rim and end about two-thirds of the way down the side. Both ends must touch the mug - a handle that floats beside the body is the most common error here and it is instantly visible.

   Cẩn thận! Leaving a gap where the handle meets the mug.

   Kiểm tra Both ends of the curve should touch the side of the mug.

7. Bước 7

   Cho độ dày của tay cầm với đường cong thứ hai bên trong.

   A handle is a strap, not a wire. The inner curve runs parallel to the outer one and meets the mug slightly closer in at both ends. This is a small change that makes a large difference to how solid the mug looks.

   Cẩn thận! Drawing the handle as a single line.

   Kiểm tra There should be a visible gap between the two handle curves.

8. Bước 8

   Đánh dấu nơi ánh sáng đến.

   Pick a side and commit. A cylinder shades differently from a sphere - the darkest band sits just inside the edge on the shadow side, not at the very edge, because light bounces back up off the table onto the rim.

   Cẩn thận! Shading the very edge darkest, which makes the mug look flat.

   Kiểm tra You should be able to say which side is lit.

9. Bước 9

   Để bóng bên cạnh cốc tránh ánh sáng.

   Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

   Cẩn thận! Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

   Kiểm tra The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

10. Bước 10

    Thêm một dải sáng hơn ngay cạnh cạnh bên bóng tối.

    Light bouncing off the table catches the very edge of a cylinder, so the darkest band sits slightly INSIDE the outline. Leaving that thin lighter strip is what makes the mug read as round rather than as a shaded rectangle.

    Cẩn thận! Running the shading right up to the outline.

    Kiểm tra There should be a thin lighter line between your shading and the edge.

11. Bước 11

    Thêm bóng vào bề mặt bên dưới.

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the mug and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the mug floats, however well you have shaded it.

    Cẩn thận! Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    Kiểm tra It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. Bước 12

    Đi qua những đường mà anh muốn giữ, và mất đi những người dẫn đường.

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    Cẩn thận! Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    Kiểm tra The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.