How to Draw an Apple
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Draw mzere pang'ono yolimba kuposa izo ndi wamkulu.
Slightly wider than tall, and no dent yet.
Kujambula pa pepala?
Timachotsa ndi kuchotsa chithunzicho kwa inu. Pepala limawerengedwa mofananamo.
Zachithunzichi
is the first drawing that you can draw. It is the first drawing that you can draw. It is the first drawing that you can draw. It is the first drawing that you can draw. It is the first drawing that you can draw. It is the first drawing that you can draw. It is the first drawing that you can draw.The
Gawo ndi Gawo
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Gawo 1
Draw mzere pang'ono yolimba kuposa izo ndi wamkulu.
Start round and correct it later. An apple is not a perfect sphere but it is much closer to one than beginners draw it - most people go straight for the dented top and end up with a shape that reads as a pepper.
Onani Drawing the classic 'apple silhouette' from memory instead of the round mass that is actually there.
Chezani Slightly wider than tall, and no dent yet.
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Gawo 2
Press chinyezi dent m'munsi, off ku mbali imodzi.
The dip where the stem sits is rarely centred, and putting it slightly to one side immediately makes the apple look like a real one rather than a logo. Keep the dent shallow.
Onani Cutting a deep V into the top. Real apples dimple, they do not fold.
Chezani The dent should be off-centre and gentle enough to still read as a circle.
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Gawo 3
Amene akufuna kulowa m’dziko latsopano ayenera kulandira chilolezo cha boma.
Almost nothing in nature is symmetrical, and an apple leans. Nudging the base a little away from the dent gives the fruit a direction, which reads as weight.
Onani Making the outline perfectly symmetrical, which looks designed rather than observed.
Chezani Draw a vertical line through the dent - the two halves should NOT match exactly.
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Gawo 4
Ikani mbewu, yokhala ndi dent.
A stem is a short thick tube, not a hair. Give it some width and let it lean - a vertical stem in the middle is the fastest way to make an apple look like a cartoon.
Onani Drawing it as a single thin line straight up.
Chezani It should be thick enough to have two sides.
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Gawo 5
Kuwonjezera a leaf: awiri curves kukumana pa mzere.
One curve is the top edge, the other the bottom, and they meet at a tip. Attach it to the stem rather than floating it nearby - the join is what stops it looking pasted on.
Onani Drawing the leaf as an oval, which reads as a balloon.
Chezani Both curves should meet at both ends: base and tip.
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Gawo 6
Sankhani komwe kuwala kumachokera ndipo gwiritsani ntchito masamba a mitengo.
Everything from here depends on this one decision, so make it consciously rather than letting it drift. Pick a direction - upper left is easiest - and commit. If you have a real apple, put a lamp on one side of it and look.
Onani Not deciding, then shading a bit everywhere. That is the single reason most beginner drawings look flat.
Chezani You should be able to say out loud where the light is.
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Gawo 7
Kufotokozera kuwala komwe kuwala kumakhudza kwambiri moyenera.
The brightest spot is not on the edge - it is on the part of the surface facing the light most squarely, which on a sphere is inside the form, slightly up and toward the light. Outline it now so you remember not to shade it.
Onani Putting the highlight on the outline instead of inside the shape.
Chezani The highlight should be surrounded by apple on all sides.
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Gawo 8
Shade mbali yochokera ku mwanga, darkest pa malire.
Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing produces an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay your strokes the same way and build the darkness up in passes.
Onani Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.
Chezani The darkest area should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.
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Gawo 9
Blend thunzi kuwala kuti palibe liwiro lolimba.
On a round object the transition from light to dark is gradual - a hard edge would mean a sharp corner. This soft band is called the core shadow and getting it to fade is most of what makes a sphere read as a sphere.
Onani Leaving a visible seam where the shading starts.
Chezani Run a finger along the transition. You should not be able to point at where it begins.
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Gawo 10
Chotsani band lighter kuzungulira mbali ya pansi kwambiri.
Light bounces up off the table and catches the underside. That thin lighter strip is called reflected light, and it is what stops the apple looking glued to the background. It is subtle - lighter than the core shadow, still darker than the lit side.
Onani Making it as bright as the highlight, which flattens the bottom of the apple out again.
Chezani Three values along the bottom: dark, then slightly lighter, then the shadow on the table.
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Gawo 11
Ikani chithunzi chopangidwa pa tabu, kumbuyo kwa mwanga.
The cast shadow is darkest where it meets the apple and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the fruit to a surface - without it the apple floats, however well you have shaded it.
Onani Drawing it as an even grey oval detached from the apple.
Chezani It should touch the apple and be darkest right at that contact point.
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Gawo 12
Kukulitsa darkest darkness ndi kuyang'ana mnda wanu.
Hold your drawing at arm's length and squint. You should see a clear lightest area, a clear darkest area, and a smooth ramp between. If everything sits in a narrow band of grey, push the darks - almost nobody pushes them far enough on a first attempt.
Onani Lightening the highlight instead of darkening the shadow. Contrast comes from the dark end.
Chezani Squint at it. Can you still see three distinct values?
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Gawo 13
Pitani pa chiwonetsero chazithunzi, kusiyanasiyana momwe molimba inu kukanikiza.
A real edge is not one uniform line. Where the form turns away from you into shadow it is darker and firmer; where the light hits it the edge almost disappears. Varying it is the last thing that separates a drawing from a colouring page.
Onani Tracing the whole outline at one weight, which undoes the roundness you just shaded in.
Chezani The outline on the shadow side should be visibly darker than on the lit side.
Onani momwe zimapangidwira, njira ndi njira
Malinga ndi njira zomwe zili pamwambazi, zidasewera moyenera kuchokera patsamba loyera mpaka kumaliza kwa chiwonetsero.
Momwe zimawoneka ngati zomaliza
Kujambula kofanana ndi kujambula ndi ma guides onse otsukidwa ndi ma laini omwe mukuyenera kupewa, ndi kutalika komwe mukuyenera kuwasunga. Ngati wanu alibe ma laini apakati ndi ma shapes oletsa, izi ndi njira zomwe simukuchitapo - ndipo zimatenga pafupifupi masekondi makumi atatu.
M'malo mwake, mudzapeza mnda wa masamba omwe ali ndi masamba osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi masamba osiyanasiyana. Mudzapeza masamba omwe ali ndi masamba osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi masamba osiyanasiyana. Mudzapeza masamba omwe ali ndi masamba osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi masamba osiyanasiyana.
Zimenezi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa inu?
This is the value lesson. Value - how light or dark a mark is - is what makes a drawing look three-dimensional, and it is the thing beginners skip because outlines feel like the real drawing.
The specific skill is the four-band ladder: highlight, mid tone, core shadow, reflected light. Once you can see those four bands on an apple you will see them on faces, cars and clouds.
Kuchita izi: Line confidence Proportion Corners and joins
Chifukwa chiyani muyenera
Pepala ndiloyenera kuposa pensulo chifukwa chakuti mfundo yonse ndi pakati pa kuwala ndi kuwala. Pa kansalu, dinani kwambiri kuti muchepetse ngati chipangizo chanu chimathandizira. Ndipo mwamsanga - pitani ndikupeza apple yachikhalidwe ndikuyika pansi pa lamp.
Ngati zikuyenda mosayenera
you have a flat apple, you have shaded it evenly. If you have a flat apple, you have shaded it evenly: there is a bright spot, a mid tone, a dark band, and then a slightly lighter edge where light bounces back up from the table. If you have a flat apple, you have shaded it evenly: there is a bright spot, a mid tone, a dark band, and then a slightly lighter edge where light bounces back up from the table. If you have a flat apple, you have shaded it evenly: useShaDo notShade it and then shade it back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of scrubbing back and forth. If you have a flat apple, you have shaded itShade in one direction instead of scrubbing back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one direction instead of shading back and forth.Shade in one
Chithunzi cha njira
Yamba izo kuchokera pazenera. The step sheet imasindikizidwa patsamba limodzi.
Mafunso omwe anthu amafunsa
- N’chifukwa chiyani apple yanga imawoneka yopanda malire?
- Zomwe zili m'gulu zimafuna kuoneka bwino ndi kuoneka bwino ndi kuoneka bwino ndi kuoneka bwino ndi kuoneka bwino ndi kuoneka bwino ndi kuoneka bwino.
- Kodi mungatani kuti mupange mfundo zosaoneka bwino?
- Pambali pazowunikira zamagetsi zanu, pang'onopang'ono pamwamba pakatikati. Ikani mosakhudza.
- Kodi ndi chiyani chowala band pa mtunda wa pansi?
- Kuwala kowonekera komwe kumatuluka pa tabu. Ndicho chomwe chimaletsa apple kuwonekera pazithunzi za m'mbuyo.
- Kodi ndiyenera kukhala ndi apple yachibadwa?
- Kuthandiza kwambiri.Kapena chilichonse chozungulira chomera pansi pa desk lamp chikuphunzitsani zambiri m'maola asanu ndi awiri kuposa nthawi ya maphunziro.
- Kodi tiyenera kuganizira za apulo?
- Sichoncho. Maapulo amtundu wachikhalidwe amawoneka ngati masamba a m’munda.
- Kodi chithunzi chiyenera kukhala chofiira bwanji?
- Kuwala kwa khungu ndi chifukwa chofala kwambiri chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chithunzi chiwoneke chosatha.
- Kodi ndingachite izi mu pen?
- Ndiye, pogwiritsa ntchito hatching osati smooth shading - zambiri liwiro kugwirizana kwa malo oyera.
- Kodi ndiyenera kujambula pambuyo pa izi?
- Apple yofanso kuchokera ku angles yosiyana, kenako muffin. Omwe awiriwa amagwiritsa ntchito luso limodzi.
Kodi izi ndi zothandiza?