How to Draw a Book

እርምጃ በደረጃ

1. ደረጃ 1

   Draw the spine as a short line down the middle.

   Everything hangs off this. The spine is the hinge, and both page halves are measured from it - which is why drawing it first stops the book coming out bent.

   አስቀምጥ Starting with a page and adding the spine afterwards.

   ማረጋገጫ It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.

2. ደረጃ 2

   የእያንዳንዱን ገጽ የላይኛውን ጫፍ ይቅረጽ፣ ወደ ሌላው ቀላል ቅርበትን ይይዝ

   These are the edges going away from you, so they converge. Not dramatically - a few degrees is enough. This single detail is what separates a box from a folded rectangle.

   አስቀምጥ Drawing them parallel, or worse, diverging.

   ማረጋገጫ Extended, the two lines should eventually meet.

3. ደረጃ 3

   ገጽን ሁሉ ወደ አንተ የሚመለስ የውስጥ ጫፍ ያለውን ይዘጋ

   These are the short edges of the covers. Keep them roughly the same length as each other - the two halves of an open book are the same size, and any difference reads as a mistake rather than as perspective.

   አስቀምጥ Making one cover visibly longer than the other.

   ማረጋገጫ Both outer edges should be about the same length.

4. ደረጃ 4

   Join the outer edges back to the bottom of the spine.

   This closes the two page shapes. Corners must actually meet - overshoot slightly and let the lines cross rather than aiming to stop exactly on the point, because a crossed corner reads as closed and a gap does not.

   አስቀምጥ Stopping just short, leaving four small gaps.

   ማረጋገጫ Every corner should be closed or slightly crossed.

5. ደረጃ 5

   Draw the thickness: short lines down from each outer corner.

   A book is a solid, not a sheet. These three short verticals turn the flat shape into a box, and they must all be the same length - unequal ones make the book look warped.

   አስቀምጥ Making the three drop lines different lengths.

   ማረጋገጫ All three verticals should measure the same.

6. ደረጃ 6

   Join the bottoms of those lines to close the underside.

   Now the box is complete. These lines run parallel to the edges directly above them - if they do not, the thickness of the book changes along its length, which is the classic wobbly-box look.

   አስቀምጥ Drawing these at a different angle from the edges above.

   ማረጋገጫ Each bottom edge should run parallel to the one above it.

7. ደረጃ 7

   Add the page stack as two or three short lines on each edge.

   Pages read as a stack, not a slab. Two or three lines following the cover edge is enough for the eye to fill in hundreds - drawing more just makes it look hatched.

   አስቀምጥ Drawing one hard line, which reads as solid wood.

   ማረጋገጫ You should see distinct layers, not a filled band.

8. ደረጃ 8

   Draw a slight curve into each page near the spine.

   Open pages are not flat - they dip toward the spine. Adding that curve is the difference between an open book and two flat cards taped together, and it takes one stroke each side.

   አስቀምጥ Leaving the pages perfectly flat.

   ማረጋገጫ Each page should dip slightly as it approaches the spine.

9. ደረጃ 9

   Add lines of text, following the page angle.

   Text lines run parallel to the top edge of the page they sit on, which means they are NOT horizontal - they lean with the perspective. Drawing them level is the fastest way to flatten a book you have just built.

   አስቀምጥ Drawing the text lines horizontally.

   ማረጋገጫ The text lines should lean the same way as the page's top edge.

10. ደረጃ 10

    መጽሐፉን ከብርሃን ርቀው ያዙት

    Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

    አስቀምጥ Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

    ማረጋገጫ The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

11. ደረጃ 11

    ቀለም አሳይ

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the book and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the book floats, however well you have shaded it.

    አስቀምጥ Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    ማረጋገጫ It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. ደረጃ 12

    ከፈለጉት መስመሮች ላይ ይሂዱ፣ እና መመሪያዎችን አጥፉ።

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    አስቀምጥ Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    ማረጋገጫ The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.