How to Draw a Book

ধাপ ধাপে

1. পদক্ষেপ 1

   মধ্য থেকে একটি ছোট রেখার সাহায্যে মেরুদণ্ড আঁকো ।

   Everything hangs off this. The spine is the hinge, and both page halves are measured from it - which is why drawing it first stops the book coming out bent.

   সাবধানে Starting with a page and adding the spine afterwards.

   চেক It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.

2. পদক্ষেপ 2

   প্রতিটি পৃষ্ঠার উপরের প্রান্ত আঁকো, একে অপরের দিকে সামান্য ঝুঁকে।

   These are the edges going away from you, so they converge. Not dramatically - a few degrees is enough. This single detail is what separates a box from a folded rectangle.

   সাবধানে Drawing them parallel, or worse, diverging.

   চেক Extended, the two lines should eventually meet.

3. পদক্ষেপ 3

   প্রতিটি পাতা বন্ধ করুন..বাহিরের প্রান্ত আপনার দিকে ফিরে আসছে।

   These are the short edges of the covers. Keep them roughly the same length as each other - the two halves of an open book are the same size, and any difference reads as a mistake rather than as perspective.

   সাবধানে Making one cover visibly longer than the other.

   চেক Both outer edges should be about the same length.

4. পদক্ষেপ 4

   বাইরের প্রান্তগুলোকে আবার মেরুদণ্ডের নিচের দিকে নিয়ে আসো।

   This closes the two page shapes. Corners must actually meet - overshoot slightly and let the lines cross rather than aiming to stop exactly on the point, because a crossed corner reads as closed and a gap does not.

   সাবধানে Stopping just short, leaving four small gaps.

   চেক Every corner should be closed or slightly crossed.

5. পদক্ষেপ 5

   প্রতিটি বাইরের কোণ থেকে নিচে ছোট ছোট রেখা আঁকো ।

   A book is a solid, not a sheet. These three short verticals turn the flat shape into a box, and they must all be the same length - unequal ones make the book look warped.

   সাবধানে Making the three drop lines different lengths.

   চেক All three verticals should measure the same.

6. পদক্ষেপ 6

   এই লাইনগুলোর নিচের অংশের সাথে যোগ দিয়ে নিচের অংশ বন্ধ করো ।

   Now the box is complete. These lines run parallel to the edges directly above them - if they do not, the thickness of the book changes along its length, which is the classic wobbly-box look.

   সাবধানে Drawing these at a different angle from the edges above.

   চেক Each bottom edge should run parallel to the one above it.

7. পদক্ষেপ 7

   পৃষ্ঠা স্ট্যাক প্রতিটি প্রান্তে দুই বা তিনটি ছোট লাইন হিসাবে যোগ করো ।

   Pages read as a stack, not a slab. Two or three lines following the cover edge is enough for the eye to fill in hundreds - drawing more just makes it look hatched.

   সাবধানে Drawing one hard line, which reads as solid wood.

   চেক You should see distinct layers, not a filled band.

8. পদক্ষেপ 8

   প্রতিটি পৃষ্ঠার পিছনে একটি সামান্য বক্ররেখা আঁকো।

   Open pages are not flat - they dip toward the spine. Adding that curve is the difference between an open book and two flat cards taped together, and it takes one stroke each side.

   সাবধানে Leaving the pages perfectly flat.

   চেক Each page should dip slightly as it approaches the spine.

9. পদক্ষেপ 9

   পৃষ্ঠার কোণ অনুসরণ করে টেক্সট লাইন যোগ করো ।

   Text lines run parallel to the top edge of the page they sit on, which means they are NOT horizontal - they lean with the perspective. Drawing them level is the fastest way to flatten a book you have just built.

   সাবধানে Drawing the text lines horizontally.

   চেক The text lines should lean the same way as the page's top edge.

10. পদক্ষেপ 10

    বইয়ের পাশের অংশটি আলো থেকে দূরে রাখুন।

    Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

    সাবধানে Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

    চেক The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

11. পদক্ষেপ 11

    নিচের পৃষ্ঠের উপর ছায়া যোগ করো ।

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the book and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the book floats, however well you have shaded it.

    সাবধানে Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    চেক It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. পদক্ষেপ 12

    যে লাইনগুলো আপনি ধরে রাখতে চান, সেগুলোর উপরে যান, এবং গাইড হারিয়ে ফেলুন।

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    সাবধানে Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    চেক The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.