How to Draw a Book

પગલું દ્વારા પગલું

1. પગલું 1

   સ્નેપને મધ્યમાં ટૂંકી લીટી તરીકે દોરો.

   Everything hangs off this. The spine is the hinge, and both page halves are measured from it - which is why drawing it first stops the book coming out bent.

   સાવચેત રહો Starting with a page and adding the spine afterwards.

   ચકાસો It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.

2. પગલું 2

   દરેક પાનાંની ઉપરની બાજુ દોરો, એકબીજા તરફ થોડુંક લંબાયેલ.

   These are the edges going away from you, so they converge. Not dramatically - a few degrees is enough. This single detail is what separates a box from a folded rectangle.

   સાવચેત રહો Drawing them parallel, or worse, diverging.

   ચકાસો Extended, the two lines should eventually meet.

3. પગલું 3

   દરેક પાનું બહારની બાજુ તમારી તરફ પાછું આવતી હોય તેવી રીતે બંધ કરો.

   These are the short edges of the covers. Keep them roughly the same length as each other - the two halves of an open book are the same size, and any difference reads as a mistake rather than as perspective.

   સાવચેત રહો Making one cover visibly longer than the other.

   ચકાસો Both outer edges should be about the same length.

4. પગલું 4

   બહારની બાજુઓને પાછા સ્નેપની નીચે જોડો.

   This closes the two page shapes. Corners must actually meet - overshoot slightly and let the lines cross rather than aiming to stop exactly on the point, because a crossed corner reads as closed and a gap does not.

   સાવચેત રહો Stopping just short, leaving four small gaps.

   ચકાસો Every corner should be closed or slightly crossed.

5. પગલું 5

   પાતળી દોરો: દરેક બહારના ખૂણામાંથી નીચે ટૂંકી લીટીઓ.

   A book is a solid, not a sheet. These three short verticals turn the flat shape into a box, and they must all be the same length - unequal ones make the book look warped.

   સાવચેત રહો Making the three drop lines different lengths.

   ચકાસો All three verticals should measure the same.

6. પગલું 6

   નીચેની બાજુ બંધ કરવા માટે આ લીટીઓની નીચેની બાજુઓ જોડો.

   Now the box is complete. These lines run parallel to the edges directly above them - if they do not, the thickness of the book changes along its length, which is the classic wobbly-box look.

   સાવચેત રહો Drawing these at a different angle from the edges above.

   ચકાસો Each bottom edge should run parallel to the one above it.

7. પગલું 7

   પાનાં સ્ટેકને દરેક બાજુ પર બે અથવા ત્રણ ટૂંકી લીટીઓ તરીકે ઉમેરો.

   Pages read as a stack, not a slab. Two or three lines following the cover edge is enough for the eye to fill in hundreds - drawing more just makes it look hatched.

   સાવચેત રહો Drawing one hard line, which reads as solid wood.

   ચકાસો You should see distinct layers, not a filled band.

8. પગલું 8

   સ્પાઇન નજીક દરેક પાનામાં થોડો વળાંક દોરો.

   Open pages are not flat - they dip toward the spine. Adding that curve is the difference between an open book and two flat cards taped together, and it takes one stroke each side.

   સાવચેત રહો Leaving the pages perfectly flat.

   ચકાસો Each page should dip slightly as it approaches the spine.

9. પગલું 9

   પાનાં કોણને અનુસરીને લખાણની લીટીઓ ઉમેરો.

   Text lines run parallel to the top edge of the page they sit on, which means they are NOT horizontal - they lean with the perspective. Drawing them level is the fastest way to flatten a book you have just built.

   સાવચેત રહો Drawing the text lines horizontally.

   ચકાસો The text lines should lean the same way as the page's top edge.

10. પગલું 10

    પુસ્તકની બાજુને પ્રકાશથી દૂર છાંયો આપો.

    Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

    સાવચેત રહો Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

    ચકાસો The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

11. પગલું 11

    નીચેની સપાટી પર પડછાયો ઉમેરો.

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the book and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the book floats, however well you have shaded it.

    સાવચેત રહો Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    ચકાસો It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. પગલું 12

    તમે રાખવા માંગતા હોય તે લીટીઓ ઉપર જાઓ, અને માર્ગદર્શન ગુમાવો.

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    સાવચેત રહો Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    ચકાસો The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.