How to Draw a Book

Қадам сайын

1. Қадам 1

   Тізбекті ортасынан қысқа сызықпен салу.

   Everything hangs off this. The spine is the hinge, and both page halves are measured from it - which is why drawing it first stops the book coming out bent.

   Ескерту Starting with a page and adding the spine afterwards.

   Тексеру It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.

2. Қадам 2

   Әрбір парақтың жоғарғы жиегін бір- біріне сәл бұрылып салу.

   These are the edges going away from you, so they converge. Not dramatically - a few degrees is enough. This single detail is what separates a box from a folded rectangle.

   Ескерту Drawing them parallel, or worse, diverging.

   Тексеру Extended, the two lines should eventually meet.

3. Қадам 3

   Әрбір бетті сыртқы жиегі Сізге қарай бұрылып жабу.

   These are the short edges of the covers. Keep them roughly the same length as each other - the two halves of an open book are the same size, and any difference reads as a mistake rather than as perspective.

   Ескерту Making one cover visibly longer than the other.

   Тексеру Both outer edges should be about the same length.

4. Қадам 4

   Сыртқы жиектерді артқа, мойынның төменгі жағына қосу.

   This closes the two page shapes. Corners must actually meet - overshoot slightly and let the lines cross rather than aiming to stop exactly on the point, because a crossed corner reads as closed and a gap does not.

   Ескерту Stopping just short, leaving four small gaps.

   Тексеру Every corner should be closed or slightly crossed.

5. Қадам 5

   Қалыңдығы: әрбір сыртқы бұрышынан төменге қысқа сызықтарды салу.

   A book is a solid, not a sheet. These three short verticals turn the flat shape into a box, and they must all be the same length - unequal ones make the book look warped.

   Ескерту Making the three drop lines different lengths.

   Тексеру All three verticals should measure the same.

6. Қадам 6

   Бұл жолдардың төменгі жағын жабу үшін төменгі жолдарды қосыңыз.

   Now the box is complete. These lines run parallel to the edges directly above them - if they do not, the thickness of the book changes along its length, which is the classic wobbly-box look.

   Ескерту Drawing these at a different angle from the edges above.

   Тексеру Each bottom edge should run parallel to the one above it.

7. Қадам 7

   Беттерді қосу үшін әрбір жиегіне екі не үш қысқа жолды қосу.

   Pages read as a stack, not a slab. Two or three lines following the cover edge is enough for the eye to fill in hundreds - drawing more just makes it look hatched.

   Ескерту Drawing one hard line, which reads as solid wood.

   Тексеру You should see distinct layers, not a filled band.

8. Қадам 8

   Әрбір беттің артқы жағына аздап қисық сызық салу.

   Open pages are not flat - they dip toward the spine. Adding that curve is the difference between an open book and two flat cards taped together, and it takes one stroke each side.

   Ескерту Leaving the pages perfectly flat.

   Тексеру Each page should dip slightly as it approaches the spine.

9. Қадам 9

   Беттің бұрышына қарай мәтін жолдарын қосу.

   Text lines run parallel to the top edge of the page they sit on, which means they are NOT horizontal - they lean with the perspective. Drawing them level is the fastest way to flatten a book you have just built.

   Ескерту Drawing the text lines horizontally.

   Тексеру The text lines should lean the same way as the page's top edge.

10. Қадам 10

    Кітаптың бетін жарықтан алыстату.

    Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

    Ескерту Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

    Тексеру The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

11. Қадам 11

    Төменгі бетіне көлеңкесін қосу.

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the book and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the book floats, however well you have shaded it.

    Ескерту Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    Тексеру It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. Қадам 12

    Қолдану үшін жолдарды басып өтіп, жолақтарды жоғалту.

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    Ескерту Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    Тексеру The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.