How to Draw a Book

चरणानुक्रमे

1. चरण 1

   मधल्या भागात एक छोटासा तळ असून त्यावर पांढरा पट्टे असतो.

   Everything hangs off this. The spine is the hinge, and both page halves are measured from it - which is why drawing it first stops the book coming out bent.

   लक्ष द्या Starting with a page and adding the spine afterwards.

   तपासणी करा It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.

2. चरण 2

   प्रत्येक खंडाच्या शेवटी एक छोटासा खंड असतो, जो पुढे जाऊन एकत्रितपणे एक खंड बनतो.

   These are the edges going away from you, so they converge. Not dramatically - a few degrees is enough. This single detail is what separates a box from a folded rectangle.

   लक्ष द्या Drawing them parallel, or worse, diverging.

   तपासणी करा Extended, the two lines should eventually meet.

3. चरण 3

   प्रत्येक वेळी एक चेंडू बाहेर पडला की तो परत गोलंदाजाकडे जातो.

   These are the short edges of the covers. Keep them roughly the same length as each other - the two halves of an open book are the same size, and any difference reads as a mistake rather than as perspective.

   लक्ष द्या Making one cover visibly longer than the other.

   तपासणी करा Both outer edges should be about the same length.

4. चरण 4

   नंतर हळूहळू हळद टाकून परत तळून घ्यावी.

   This closes the two page shapes. Corners must actually meet - overshoot slightly and let the lines cross rather than aiming to stop exactly on the point, because a crossed corner reads as closed and a gap does not.

   लक्ष द्या Stopping just short, leaving four small gaps.

   तपासणी करा Every corner should be closed or slightly crossed.

5. चरण 5

   गडावर जाण्यासाठी खालील मार्ग उपलब्ध आहेत: गडावर जाण्यासाठी खालील मार्ग उपलब्ध आहेत.

   A book is a solid, not a sheet. These three short verticals turn the flat shape into a box, and they must all be the same length - unequal ones make the book look warped.

   लक्ष द्या Making the three drop lines different lengths.

   तपासणी करा All three verticals should measure the same.

6. चरण 6

   त्यावर तळघरात प्रवेश करण्यासाठी पायऱ्या आहेत.

   Now the box is complete. These lines run parallel to the edges directly above them - if they do not, the thickness of the book changes along its length, which is the classic wobbly-box look.

   लक्ष द्या Drawing these at a different angle from the edges above.

   तपासणी करा Each bottom edge should run parallel to the one above it.

7. चरण 7

   या पट्ट्यात दोन किंवा तीन छोट्या छोट्या पट्ट्या असतात.

   Pages read as a stack, not a slab. Two or three lines following the cover edge is enough for the eye to fill in hundreds - drawing more just makes it look hatched.

   लक्ष द्या Drawing one hard line, which reads as solid wood.

   तपासणी करा You should see distinct layers, not a filled band.

8. चरण 8

   प्रत्येक खंडात एक छोटासा लेख असून तो खंडाच्या शेवटी जोडला जातो.

   Open pages are not flat - they dip toward the spine. Adding that curve is the difference between an open book and two flat cards taped together, and it takes one stroke each side.

   लक्ष द्या Leaving the pages perfectly flat.

   तपासणी करा Each page should dip slightly as it approaches the spine.

9. चरण 9

   पानाच्या कोनानुसार पाठ्य ओळी जोडा.

   Text lines run parallel to the top edge of the page they sit on, which means they are NOT horizontal - they lean with the perspective. Drawing them level is the fastest way to flatten a book you have just built.

   लक्ष द्या Drawing the text lines horizontally.

   तपासणी करा The text lines should lean the same way as the page's top edge.

10. चरण 10

    पुस्तकाच्या बाजूला प्रकाशापासून दूर जाण्यासाठी छाया लावा.

    Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

    लक्ष द्या Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

    तपासणी करा The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

11. चरण 11

    तळघरात दगडी भिंती आहेत.

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the book and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the book floats, however well you have shaded it.

    लक्ष द्या Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    तपासणी करा It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. चरण 12

    यासाठी आपण आपल्या सोबत असलेल्या व्यक्तीला सोबत घेऊन जावे आणि त्याचे मार्गदर्शन घ्यावे.

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    लक्ष द्या Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    तपासणी करा The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.