How to Draw a Book

12 hatua ~12 min Ugumu 2/5 Huru, hakuna alama

Unachochora leo

1 / 12

Chora uti wa mgongo kama mstari mfupi katikati.

It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.

Badala ya hivyo, ni kuchora kwenye karatasi?

Picha ya picha yako ya karatasi

Karatasi za mkononi hulainisha na kusafisha picha kwa ajili yenu.

Kuhusu mchoro huu

Kitabu ni sanduku, na masanduku ndiyo msingi wa kuchora kitu chochote kilichotengenezwa na mwanadamu. Unaweza kupata kitabu na unaweza kuvuta simu, meza, jengo na chumba, kwa sababu ni tatizo lilelile kwa ukubwa tofauti.

Hatua kwa hatua

Hatua 1

Chora uti wa mgongo kama mstari mfupi katikati.

Everything hangs off this. The spine is the hinge, and both page halves are measured from it - which is why drawing it first stops the book coming out bent.

Jihadhari Starting with a page and adding the spine afterwards.

Chunguza It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.
Hatua 2

Chora ukingo wa juu wa kila ukurasa, ukiegemea kidogo kuelekeana.

These are the edges going away from you, so they converge. Not dramatically - a few degrees is enough. This single detail is what separates a box from a folded rectangle.

Jihadhari Drawing them parallel, or worse, diverging.

Chunguza Extended, the two lines should eventually meet.
Hatua 3

Funga kila ukurasa ukirudia ukingo wa nje unaokuelekea.

These are the short edges of the covers. Keep them roughly the same length as each other - the two halves of an open book are the same size, and any difference reads as a mistake rather than as perspective.

Jihadhari Making one cover visibly longer than the other.

Chunguza Both outer edges should be about the same length.
Hatua 4

Jiunge na ncha za nje hadi chini ya uti wa mgongo.

This closes the two page shapes. Corners must actually meet - overshoot slightly and let the lines cross rather than aiming to stop exactly on the point, because a crossed corner reads as closed and a gap does not.

Jihadhari Stopping just short, leaving four small gaps.

Chunguza Every corner should be closed or slightly crossed.
Hatua 5

Chora unene: mistari mifupi kutoka kila pembe ya nje.

A book is a solid, not a sheet. These three short verticals turn the flat shape into a box, and they must all be the same length - unequal ones make the book look warped.

Jihadhari Making the three drop lines different lengths.

Chunguza All three verticals should measure the same.
Hatua 6

Jiunge na sehemu za chini za mistari hiyo ili ukaribie sehemu ya chini.

Now the box is complete. These lines run parallel to the edges directly above them - if they do not, the thickness of the book changes along its length, which is the classic wobbly-box look.

Jihadhari Drawing these at a different angle from the edges above.

Chunguza Each bottom edge should run parallel to the one above it.
Hatua 7

Ongeza rundo la ukurasa kuwa mistari miwili au mitatu kwenye kila ukingo.

Pages read as a stack, not a slab. Two or three lines following the cover edge is enough for the eye to fill in hundreds - drawing more just makes it look hatched.

Jihadhari Drawing one hard line, which reads as solid wood.

Chunguza You should see distinct layers, not a filled band.
Hatua 8

Chora kona ndogo kwenye kila ukurasa karibu na uti wa mgongo.

Open pages are not flat - they dip toward the spine. Adding that curve is the difference between an open book and two flat cards taped together, and it takes one stroke each side.

Jihadhari Leaving the pages perfectly flat.

Chunguza Each page should dip slightly as it approaches the spine.
Hatua 9

Ongeza mistari ya maandishi, ukifuata pembe ya ukurasa.

Text lines run parallel to the top edge of the page they sit on, which means they are NOT horizontal - they lean with the perspective. Drawing them level is the fastest way to flatten a book you have just built.

Jihadhari Drawing the text lines horizontally.

Chunguza The text lines should lean the same way as the page's top edge.
Hatua 10

Shade, upande wa kitabu hicho mbali na nuru.

Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

Jihadhari Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

Chunguza The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.
Hatua 11

Ongeza kivuli kilicho chini.

The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the book and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the book floats, however well you have shaded it.

Jihadhari Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

Chunguza It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.
Hatua 12

Nenda kwenye mistari unayotaka kuweka, na upoteze viongozi.

This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

Jihadhari Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

Chunguza The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.

Itazame, hatua kwa hatua

Hatua zilezile zilizokuwa juu, zilichezwa kwa njia ya kutoka ukurasa ulio wazi hadi mchoro uliomalizika.

Jengo lililojengwa kutoka ngazi zilezile juu - hakuna filamu, hakuna lolote lililotengenezwa kwa mkono.

Inafanana na kukamilishwa

Mchoro huohuo na kila kiongozi ulifuta na ni mistari tu uliyotaka kuiweka, kwa uzito uliotaka iwe. Kama una mistari ya kati na alama za ndani, hii ndiyo hatua ambayo hujafanya bado - na inachukua karibu sekunde thelathini.

The finished drawing of a book with the construction lines erased

Huu ndio ujenzi wa jukwaa lililochukuliwa, wala si mchoro wa mtu aliyefanywa apendwe - lengo ni kukuonyesha ni ipi ya mistari yako iliyokuwa na miongozo.

Kile ambacho huyu akufundisha hasa

Huo ni mfano wa somo lililofichika kuwa rahisi kuonyesha. Huo ni ustadi wa pekee: kingo za ulimwengu halisi hazilingani na kurasa zako, na kiasi wanachokutana nacho humjulisha mtazamaji mahali wanaposimama. Pia, ni somo gumu kuonyesha usahihi wao. Sanduku lina pembe nane ambazo ni lazima zote zikubaliane, na kona chache za kinu huonekana mara moja kwa njia isiyoweza kuonekana kamwe. [

Kanuni: Line confidence Proportion Corners and joins

Unachohitaji

Ni kwa sababu utapitia kwa haraka mistari hiyo na kupoteza nusu ya mistari hiyo baadaye. weka kitabu halisi juu ya dawati - somo hili ni rahisi zaidi kwa kitu cha kuangalia kuliko kutokana na kumbukumbu.

Kama kuna makosa

Ikiwa kitabu hicho kinaonekana kimepindika, sehemu mbili za ukurasa wako zinakutana na uti wa mgongo kwa pembe tofauti.

Pitia hatua hizo

Uiondoe kwenye kiwambo. kurasa za ngazi za maandishi kwenye ukurasa mmoja.

Barua (US) paper size

Maswali ambayo watu huuliza

Kwa nini kitabu changu kinaonekana kimekunjamana?: Nusu mbili za uti wa mgongo hukutana kwa pembe tofauti - tofauti.
Je, kingo zapasa kuwa sambamba?: Njia moja ya kawaida ni sanduku linaloonekana kuwa si sahihi.
Mimi huchoraje kurasa?: Mistari mifupi kwenye ukingo, si mstari mmoja mgumu.
Je, ninahitaji kusahau mambo?: Badala ya kufanya hivyo, tufanya kingo za mbali ziegemeane kidogo na zitasomwa kwa usahihi.
Je, nivute sehemu nisizoweza kuona?: Kuchora kwenye umbo hilo ni jambo linalofanya pembe za mtu zikubaliane.
Fungua kitabu au kitabu kilichofungwa?: Somo hilo lavuta mtu huru, kitabu kilichofungwa ni sanduku lilelile chenye hatua chache, kwa hiyo jaribu mara moja baada ya hapo.
Pembe zangu hazifuniki.: Unaweza kujifunza jambo hilo kwa kulipima kwa usahihi kwa haraka zaidi kuliko ustadi mwingine wowote.
Nifuateje jambo hili?: Sanduku na silinda pamoja hufunika vitu vingi vilivyotengenezwa na wanadamu ambavyo utawahi kuvivuta.