How to Draw a Mug

12 hatua ~12 min Ugumu 2/5 Huru, hakuna alama

Unachochora leo

1 / 12

Amua kiwango cha macho yako na utie alama.

You should be able to say whether you are looking down into this mug or across at it.

Badala ya hivyo, ni kuchora kwenye karatasi?

Picha ya picha yako ya karatasi

Karatasi za mkononi hulainisha na kusafisha picha kwa ajili yenu.

Kuhusu mchoro huu

Kila mtu huvuta sehemu ya juu ya mug kuwa umbo la yai lililo bapa na kila mtu huja vibaya.

Hatua kwa hatua

Hatua 1

Amua kiwango cha macho yako na utie alama.

Everything about the ellipses follows from this. If the mug is below your eye level you will see into it; if it is level you will not. Make the decision consciously now rather than letting it drift halfway through the drawing.

Jihadhari Not deciding, then drawing a rim that contradicts the base.

Chunguza You should be able to say whether you are looking down into this mug or across at it.
Hatua 2

Chora ukuta huo kama kitawi kimoja, katika mwendo mmoja wa kasi.

Go round three or four times without stopping and keep the best pass. Speed is what makes an ellipse smooth - drawn slowly it comes out lumpy on one side every single time, because your hand cannot hold a curve at low speed.

Jihadhari Building it out of short careful arcs.

Chunguza It should be symmetrical about its own long axis.
Hatua 3

Chora pande zote mbili chini, ukikunja - kunja kidogo.

Start exactly at the ends of the ellipse's long axis. A slight taper inward looks more natural than perfectly parallel sides, and it is what most real mugs do.

Jihadhari Starting the sides inside or outside the rim, which leaves a visible step.

Chunguza Each side should begin exactly at the widest point of the rim.
Hatua 4

Funga chini kwa kizungusha - mviringo kidogo kuliko sehemu ya juu.

The base is further from your eye level than the rim, so it is rounder. Same width, more curve. Getting this relationship right is the difference between a mug that sits on the table and one that appears to be sliding off it.

Jihadhari Drawing the base flatter than the rim, or as a straight line.

Chunguza Rounder than the rim, and exactly the same width.
Hatua 5

Ongeza kona ya pili ndani tu ya ukingo.

This thin band is the thickness of the ceramic, and it is what makes the top read as an opening rather than a painted disc. One stroke, following the rim's curve.

Jihadhari Drawing it parallel all the way round instead of following the ellipse.

Chunguza There should be a visible band between the two curves at the front.
Hatua 6

Chora kona ya nje ya mpini.

Start just below the rim and end about two-thirds of the way down the side. Both ends must touch the mug - a handle that floats beside the body is the most common error here and it is instantly visible.

Jihadhari Leaving a gap where the handle meets the mug.

Chunguza Both ends of the curve should touch the side of the mug.
Hatua 7

Ifanye mpini uwe na unene kwa kupinda kwa sekunde moja ndani.

A handle is a strap, not a wire. The inner curve runs parallel to the outer one and meets the mug slightly closer in at both ends. This is a small change that makes a large difference to how solid the mug looks.

Jihadhari Drawing the handle as a single line.

Chunguza There should be a visible gap between the two handle curves.
Hatua 8

Marko mahali ambapo nuru inatoka.

Pick a side and commit. A cylinder shades differently from a sphere - the darkest band sits just inside the edge on the shadow side, not at the very edge, because light bounces back up off the table onto the rim.

Jihadhari Shading the very edge darkest, which makes the mug look flat.

Chunguza You should be able to say which side is lit.
Hatua 9

Piga mstari wa mbele wa churu mbali na nuru.

Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

Jihadhari Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

Chunguza The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.
Hatua 10

Na ongeza kwenye ncha ya kivuli.

Light bouncing off the table catches the very edge of a cylinder, so the darkest band sits slightly INSIDE the outline. Leaving that thin lighter strip is what makes the mug read as round rather than as a shaded rectangle.

Jihadhari Running the shading right up to the outline.

Chunguza There should be a thin lighter line between your shading and the edge.
Hatua 11

Ongeza kivuli kilicho chini.

The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the mug and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the mug floats, however well you have shaded it.

Jihadhari Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

Chunguza It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.
Hatua 12

Nenda kwenye mistari unayotaka kuweka, na upoteze viongozi.

This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

Jihadhari Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

Chunguza The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.

Itazame, hatua kwa hatua

Hatua zilezile zilizokuwa juu, zilichezwa kwa njia ya kutoka ukurasa ulio wazi hadi mchoro uliomalizika.

Jengo lililojengwa kutoka ngazi zilezile juu - hakuna filamu, hakuna lolote lililotengenezwa kwa mkono.

Inafanana na kukamilishwa

Mchoro huohuo na kila kiongozi ulifuta na ni mistari tu uliyotaka kuiweka, kwa uzito uliotaka iwe. Kama una mistari ya kati na alama za ndani, hii ndiyo hatua ambayo hujafanya bado - na inachukua karibu sekunde thelathini.

The finished drawing of a mug with the construction lines erased

Huu ndio ujenzi wa jukwaa lililochukuliwa, wala si mchoro wa mtu aliyefanywa apendwe - lengo ni kukuonyesha ni ipi ya mistari yako iliyokuwa na miongozo.

Kile ambacho huyu akufundisha hasa

Hii ni somo la wrelipse, na ellipse kwa kweli ni somo juu ya kuchora kilicho mbele yako badala ya kile unachojua; unajua kwamba kipenyo ni duara; haionekani kama mmoja kutoka hapa, na mchoro huo unapaswa kusema vile inavyoonekana kuwa sawa. Pia unajaribu uhakika: mpindo wa mwili uliofanyizwa huonekana kuwa sawa, na ule wa ellipse uliokusanywa kutoka kwa mipaki kumi na mbili huonekana kuwa mbaya hata inapokuwa sahihi zaidi.

Kanuni: Line confidence Proportion Corners and joins

Unachohitaji

Ni rahisi sana kuona picha hiyo, kwa sababu picha hiyo inaonyesha jinsi ngozi inavyoonekana badala ya umbo unalojua kuwa duara.

Kama kuna makosa

Ikiwa kozi inayumbayumba, unaivuta polepole.

Pitia hatua hizo

Uiondoe kwenye kiwambo. kurasa za ngazi za maandishi kwenye ukurasa mmoja.

Barua (US) paper size

Maswali ambayo watu huuliza

Kwa nini vijibisi vyangu vyaonekana vimelegea?: Basi chunguzeni sawa sawa.
Sehemu ya juu ya chombo hicho inapaswa kuwa mviringo kadiri gani?: Tazama mstari halisi kwenye jicho lako: kwa jicho, ukingo wake ni karibu mstari, kutoka juu ni duara.
Kwa nini sura yangu inaonekana kana kwamba inaanguka?: Chini ya daraja la chini ya dari la dunia, sehemu ya chini ya daraja hilo haipatani na sehemu ya juu.
Kifaa hicho kinaenda wapi?: Kuanzia chini tu ya ukingo na kumalizika kuzunguka theluthi mbili, zikiwa zimeshikanishwa kwenye upande badala ya kuelea kando yake.
Je, ninahitaji kuingiza ndani ya ja?: Mpindo wa pili tu ndani ya wingo hilo jembamba ndio unaofanya lisome kama mwanya badala ya diski.
Je, upande wa kulia wapaswa kuwa sawa?: Mgemaji mdogo huonekana kuwa wa kawaida kuliko kuwa sambamba kabisa, na ndivyo hasa mugy halisi hufanya.
Je, hilo ni muhimu kwa kitu kingine chochote?: Gurudumu, mikebe, sahani, kofia, chupa na macho ni ustadi uleule.
Nifuateje jambo hili?: Sanduku na silinda pamoja hufunika vitu vingi vilivyotengenezwa na wanadamu ambavyo ungependa kuvivuta.