How to Draw a Mug

ခြေလှမ်းတစ်လှမ်း

1. ခြေလှမ်း 1

   သင့်ရဲ့မျက်စိအဆင့်ကိုဆုံးဖြတ်ပြီး အမှတ်ပေးပါ။

   Everything about the ellipses follows from this. If the mug is below your eye level you will see into it; if it is level you will not. Make the decision consciously now rather than letting it drift halfway through the drawing.

   သတိထား Not deciding, then drawing a rim that contradicts the base.

   စစ်ဆေးပါ You should be able to say whether you are looking down into this mug or across at it.

2. ခြေလှမ်း 2

   အမြန် လှုပ်ရှားမှု တစ်ခုတည်းမှာ ပတ်ပတ်လည်ကို အဝိုင်းတစ်လုံးအဖြစ် ဆွဲပါ။

   Go round three or four times without stopping and keep the best pass. Speed is what makes an ellipse smooth - drawn slowly it comes out lumpy on one side every single time, because your hand cannot hold a curve at low speed.

   သတိထား Building it out of short careful arcs.

   စစ်ဆေးပါ It should be symmetrical about its own long axis.

3. ခြေလှမ်း 3

   နည်းနည်းလေးမှာ taper, နှစ်ဖက်စလုံးကအမှန်တကယ်အောက်ကို draw.

   Start exactly at the ends of the ellipse's long axis. A slight taper inward looks more natural than perfectly parallel sides, and it is what most real mugs do.

   သတိထား Starting the sides inside or outside the rim, which leaves a visible step.

   စစ်ဆေးပါ Each side should begin exactly at the widest point of the rim.

4. ခြေလှမ်း 4

   အပေါ်ပိုင်းထက် နည်းနည်းပိုပြီး လည်ပတ်တဲ့ အဝိုင်းပုံ တစ်ခုနဲ့ အောက်ခြေကို ပိတ်ပါ။

   The base is further from your eye level than the rim, so it is rounder. Same width, more curve. Getting this relationship right is the difference between a mug that sits on the table and one that appears to be sliding off it.

   သတိထား Drawing the base flatter than the rim, or as a straight line.

   စစ်ဆေးပါ Rounder than the rim, and exactly the same width.

5. ခြေလှမ်း 5

   ပတ်ပတ်လည်အတွင်းမှာပဲ ဒုတိယ curve ကိုထည့်ပါ။

   This thin band is the thickness of the ceramic, and it is what makes the top read as an opening rather than a painted disc. One stroke, following the rim's curve.

   သတိထား Drawing it parallel all the way round instead of following the ellipse.

   စစ်ဆေးပါ There should be a visible band between the two curves at the front.

6. ခြေလှမ်း 6

   ကိုင်တွယ်ချက်ရဲ့ အပြင်ဘက် မျဉ်းကြောင်းကို ဆွဲပါ။

   Start just below the rim and end about two-thirds of the way down the side. Both ends must touch the mug - a handle that floats beside the body is the most common error here and it is instantly visible.

   သတိထား Leaving a gap where the handle meets the mug.

   စစ်ဆေးပါ Both ends of the curve should touch the side of the mug.

7. ခြေလှမ်း 7

   အတွင်းပိုင်းတွင်ဒုတိယ curve ကိုနှင့်အတူကိုင်တွယ်အထူပေးပါ။

   A handle is a strap, not a wire. The inner curve runs parallel to the outer one and meets the mug slightly closer in at both ends. This is a small change that makes a large difference to how solid the mug looks.

   သတိထား Drawing the handle as a single line.

   စစ်ဆေးပါ There should be a visible gap between the two handle curves.

8. ခြေလှမ်း 8

   အလင်းရောင် ဘယ်က လာတယ်ဆိုတာ မှတ်ထားပါ။

   Pick a side and commit. A cylinder shades differently from a sphere - the darkest band sits just inside the edge on the shadow side, not at the very edge, because light bounces back up off the table onto the rim.

   သတိထား Shading the very edge darkest, which makes the mug look flat.

   စစ်ဆေးပါ You should be able to say which side is lit.

9. ခြေလှမ်း 9

   အလင်းမှအကွာ Mug ၏ဘေးမှအရောင်ခြယ်.

   Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

   သတိထား Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

   စစ်ဆေးပါ The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

10. ခြေလှမ်း 10

    အလင်းရောင်ပိုကောင်းတဲ့ ပြားကို အရောင်ခြယ်တဲ့ ဘက်က အပြင်ဘက်မှာ ထည့်ပါ။

    Light bouncing off the table catches the very edge of a cylinder, so the darkest band sits slightly INSIDE the outline. Leaving that thin lighter strip is what makes the mug read as round rather than as a shaded rectangle.

    သတိထား Running the shading right up to the outline.

    စစ်ဆေးပါ There should be a thin lighter line between your shading and the edge.

11. ခြေလှမ်း 11

    အောက်ခြေ မျက်နှာပြင်မှာ အရောင်ခြယ်မှု ပေါင်းထည့်ပါ

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the mug and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the mug floats, however well you have shaded it.

    သတိထား Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    စစ်ဆေးပါ It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. ခြေလှမ်း 12

    သင် ထိန်းသိမ်းချင်တဲ့ လိုင်းတွေ ကျော်သွားပြီး လမ်းညွှန်တွေကို ဆုံးရှုံးပါမယ်။

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    သတိထား Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    စစ်ဆေးပါ The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.