How to Draw a Mug

Қадамма-қадам

1. Қадам 1

   (Ушбу оятда Аллоҳ таоло мўминлар учун иккита муҳим нарсани эслатмоқда. Биринчиси, Аллоҳ таолонинг бандаларига иноятидир.

   Everything about the ellipses follows from this. If the mug is below your eye level you will see into it; if it is level you will not. Make the decision consciously now rather than letting it drift halfway through the drawing.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Not deciding, then drawing a rim that contradicts the base.

   _Ташхислаш You should be able to say whether you are looking down into this mug or across at it.

2. Қадам 2

   Элементни бир марта тез ҳаракат билан бир эллипсга чизинг.

   Go round three or four times without stopping and keep the best pass. Speed is what makes an ellipse smooth - drawn slowly it comes out lumpy on one side every single time, because your hand cannot hold a curve at low speed.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Building it out of short careful arcs.

   _Ташхислаш It should be symmetrical about its own long axis.

3. Қадам 3

   (Ушбу оятда Аллоҳ таоло Пайғамбаримиз Муҳаммад алайҳиссаломга хитоб қилиб, у зотга иймон келтириш зарурлигини уқдирмоқда.)

   Start exactly at the ends of the ellipse's long axis. A slight taper inward looks more natural than perfectly parallel sides, and it is what most real mugs do.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Starting the sides inside or outside the rim, which leaves a visible step.

   _Ташхислаш Each side should begin exactly at the widest point of the rim.

4. Қадам 4

   Пойтахтни юқоридан бир оз қирралироқ эллипс билан ёпиш.

   The base is further from your eye level than the rim, so it is rounder. Same width, more curve. Getting this relationship right is the difference between a mug that sits on the table and one that appears to be sliding off it.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Drawing the base flatter than the rim, or as a straight line.

   _Ташхислаш Rounder than the rim, and exactly the same width.

5. Қадам 5

   Иккинчи қиррали чизиқни чизиқ ичига қўшинг.

   This thin band is the thickness of the ceramic, and it is what makes the top read as an opening rather than a painted disc. One stroke, following the rim's curve.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Drawing it parallel all the way round instead of following the ellipse.

   _Ташхислаш There should be a visible band between the two curves at the front.

6. Қадам 6

   Қўлловчининг ташқи бурчагини чизинг.

   Start just below the rim and end about two-thirds of the way down the side. Both ends must touch the mug - a handle that floats beside the body is the most common error here and it is instantly visible.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Leaving a gap where the handle meets the mug.

   _Ташхислаш Both ends of the curve should touch the side of the mug.

7. Қадам 7

   Ички иккинчи бурчак билан қўлтиқнинг қалинлигини белгиланг.

   A handle is a strap, not a wire. The inner curve runs parallel to the outer one and meets the mug slightly closer in at both ends. This is a small change that makes a large difference to how solid the mug looks.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Drawing the handle as a single line.

   _Ташхислаш There should be a visible gap between the two handle curves.

8. Қадам 8

   Бу нур қаердан келаётганини кўриб туринг.

   Pick a side and commit. A cylinder shades differently from a sphere - the darkest band sits just inside the edge on the shadow side, not at the very edge, because light bounces back up off the table onto the rim.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Shading the very edge darkest, which makes the mug look flat.

   _Ташхислаш You should be able to say which side is lit.

9. Қадам 9

   (Ушбу оятда Аллоҳ таоло Пайғамбаримиз Муҳаммад алайҳиссаломга хитоб қилиб, уларга иймон келтириш ва иймон келтирмаганларга азоб бериш ҳақида амр қилмоқда.)

   Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

   Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

   _Ташхислаш The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

10. Қадам 10

    Соя томон четига ўнг томондан ёрқинроқ чизиқ қўшинг.

    Light bouncing off the table catches the very edge of a cylinder, so the darkest band sits slightly INSIDE the outline. Leaving that thin lighter strip is what makes the mug read as round rather than as a shaded rectangle.

    Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Running the shading right up to the outline.

    _Ташхислаш There should be a thin lighter line between your shading and the edge.

11. Қадам 11

    Қуйидаги юзага соя қўшиш.

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the mug and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the mug floats, however well you have shaded it.

    Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    _Ташхислаш It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. Қадам 12

    Сиз сақламоқчи бўлган чизиқлар устидан ўтинг ва ҳидоятчиларни йўқотинг.

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    Эҳтиёт бўлинг! Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    _Ташхислаш The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.