How to Draw an Apple

ধাপ ধাপে

1. পদক্ষেপ 1

   বৃত্তের উচ্চতার চেয়ে কিছুটা বড় বৃত্ত আঁকো ।

   Start round and correct it later. An apple is not a perfect sphere but it is much closer to one than beginners draw it - most people go straight for the dented top and end up with a shape that reads as a pepper.

   সাবধানে Drawing the classic 'apple silhouette' from memory instead of the round mass that is actually there.

   চেক Slightly wider than tall, and no dent yet.

2. পদক্ষেপ 2

   উপরে একটা ছোট্ট ছিদ্র করে, এক পাশে বের করে দাও।

   The dip where the stem sits is rarely centred, and putting it slightly to one side immediately makes the apple look like a real one rather than a logo. Keep the dent shallow.

   সাবধানে Cutting a deep V into the top. Real apples dimple, they do not fold.

   চেক The dent should be off-centre and gentle enough to still read as a circle.

3. পদক্ষেপ 3

   নিচের অংশটাকেও কিছুটা কেন্দ্র থেকে দূরে রাখুন।

   Almost nothing in nature is symmetrical, and an apple leans. Nudging the base a little away from the dent gives the fruit a direction, which reads as weight.

   সাবধানে Making the outline perfectly symmetrical, which looks designed rather than observed.

   চেক Draw a vertical line through the dent - the two halves should NOT match exactly.

4. পদক্ষেপ 4

   পাতটা যোগ করো, পাতটাকে বের করে দাও।

   A stem is a short thick tube, not a hair. Give it some width and let it lean - a vertical stem in the middle is the fastest way to make an apple look like a cartoon.

   সাবধানে Drawing it as a single thin line straight up.

   চেক It should be thick enough to have two sides.

5. পদক্ষেপ 5

   একটি পাতা যোগ করো: দুইটি বক্ররেখার একটি বিন্দুতে মিলিত হওয়া ।

   One curve is the top edge, the other the bottom, and they meet at a tip. Attach it to the stem rather than floating it nearby - the join is what stops it looking pasted on.

   সাবধানে Drawing the leaf as an oval, which reads as a balloon.

   চেক Both curves should meet at both ends: base and tip.

6. পদক্ষেপ 6

   আলো কোথা থেকে আসছে তা ঠিক করে নিন এবং তারপর চিহ্নিত করুন।

   Everything from here depends on this one decision, so make it consciously rather than letting it drift. Pick a direction - upper left is easiest - and commit. If you have a real apple, put a lamp on one side of it and look.

   সাবধানে Not deciding, then shading a bit everywhere. That is the single reason most beginner drawings look flat.

   চেক You should be able to say out loud where the light is.

7. পদক্ষেপ 7

   আলোর যেখানে সবচেয়ে বেশি সরাসরি আঘাত হানে সেখানে আলোকিত অংশের পরিসীমা নির্ধারণ করুন ।

   The brightest spot is not on the edge - it is on the part of the surface facing the light most squarely, which on a sphere is inside the form, slightly up and toward the light. Outline it now so you remember not to shade it.

   সাবধানে Putting the highlight on the outline instead of inside the shape.

   চেক The highlight should be surrounded by apple on all sides.

8. পদক্ষেপ 8

   আলো থেকে দূরে থাকা পাশের অংশ ছায়াযুক্ত করো, প্রান্তের অংশ অন্ধকার করো।

   Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing produces an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay your strokes the same way and build the darkness up in passes.

   সাবধানে Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

   চেক The darkest area should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

9. পদক্ষেপ 9

   ছায়াকে আলোর দিকে মেলাও যাতে কোন কঠিন লাইন না থাকে।

   On a round object the transition from light to dark is gradual - a hard edge would mean a sharp corner. This soft band is called the core shadow and getting it to fade is most of what makes a sphere read as a sphere.

   সাবধানে Leaving a visible seam where the shading starts.

   চেক Run a finger along the transition. You should not be able to point at where it begins.

10. পদক্ষেপ 10

    নিচের প্রান্তে হালকা বেন্ড রেখে দাও।

    Light bounces up off the table and catches the underside. That thin lighter strip is called reflected light, and it is what stops the apple looking glued to the background. It is subtle - lighter than the core shadow, still darker than the lit side.

    সাবধানে Making it as bright as the highlight, which flattens the bottom of the apple out again.

    চেক Three values along the bottom: dark, then slightly lighter, then the shadow on the table.

11. পদক্ষেপ 11

    টেবিলের উপর ছায়া প্রয়োগ করো, আলো থেকে দূরে।

    The cast shadow is darkest where it meets the apple and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the fruit to a surface - without it the apple floats, however well you have shaded it.

    সাবধানে Drawing it as an even grey oval detached from the apple.

    চেক It should touch the apple and be darkest right at that contact point.

12. পদক্ষেপ 12

    অন্ধকারের গভীরে ঢুকে পড়ো আর তোমার দূরত্ব পরীক্ষা করো।

    Hold your drawing at arm's length and squint. You should see a clear lightest area, a clear darkest area, and a smooth ramp between. If everything sits in a narrow band of grey, push the darks - almost nobody pushes them far enough on a first attempt.

    সাবধানে Lightening the highlight instead of darkening the shadow. Contrast comes from the dark end.

    চেক Squint at it. Can you still see three distinct values?

13. পদক্ষেপ 13

    কতটা জোরে চাপ দিলে, তার উপরে চাপ দিয়ে দেখো।

    A real edge is not one uniform line. Where the form turns away from you into shadow it is darker and firmer; where the light hits it the edge almost disappears. Varying it is the last thing that separates a drawing from a colouring page.

    সাবধানে Tracing the whole outline at one weight, which undoes the roundness you just shaded in.

    চেক The outline on the shadow side should be visibly darker than on the lit side.