How to Draw an Apple

පියවරෙන් පියවර

1. පියවර 1

   එය උස වඩා සුළු වශයෙන් පුළුල් වෘත්තයක් අඳින්න.

   Start round and correct it later. An apple is not a perfect sphere but it is much closer to one than beginners draw it - most people go straight for the dented top and end up with a shape that reads as a pepper.

   බලාගෙන Drawing the classic 'apple silhouette' from memory instead of the round mass that is actually there.

   පරීක්ෂා කරන්න Slightly wider than tall, and no dent yet.

2. පියවර 2

   ඉහළට යටින් තුනී තුනී තුවාලයක් තියන්න, එක පැත්තකට.

   The dip where the stem sits is rarely centred, and putting it slightly to one side immediately makes the apple look like a real one rather than a logo. Keep the dent shallow.

   බලාගෙන Cutting a deep V into the top. Real apples dimple, they do not fold.

   පරීක්ෂා කරන්න The dent should be off-centre and gentle enough to still read as a circle.

3. පියවර 3

   පහළට ටිකක් මධ්‍යයේ සිට ඉඳගන්නත් දෙන්න.

   Almost nothing in nature is symmetrical, and an apple leans. Nudging the base a little away from the dent gives the fruit a direction, which reads as weight.

   බලාගෙන Making the outline perfectly symmetrical, which looks designed rather than observed.

   පරීක්ෂා කරන්න Draw a vertical line through the dent - the two halves should NOT match exactly.

4. පියවර 4

   ශාකයේ අතු එකතු කරන්න, තුනී කිරීමෙන් පිටතට නැඹුරු වන්න.

   A stem is a short thick tube, not a hair. Give it some width and let it lean - a vertical stem in the middle is the fastest way to make an apple look like a cartoon.

   බලාගෙන Drawing it as a single thin line straight up.

   පරීක්ෂා කරන්න It should be thick enough to have two sides.

5. පියවර 5

   කොළ එකතු කරන්න: වක්‍ර දෙකක් අවස්ථාවකදී හමුවීම.

   One curve is the top edge, the other the bottom, and they meet at a tip. Attach it to the stem rather than floating it nearby - the join is what stops it looking pasted on.

   බලාගෙන Drawing the leaf as an oval, which reads as a balloon.

   පරීක්ෂා කරන්න Both curves should meet at both ends: base and tip.

6. පියවර 6

   ආලෝකය එන තැන තීරණය කරලා ඒක සලකුණු කරන්න.

   Everything from here depends on this one decision, so make it consciously rather than letting it drift. Pick a direction - upper left is easiest - and commit. If you have a real apple, put a lamp on one side of it and look.

   බලාගෙන Not deciding, then shading a bit everywhere. That is the single reason most beginner drawings look flat.

   පරීක්ෂා කරන්න You should be able to say out loud where the light is.

7. පියවර 7

   ආලෝකය වඩාත් සෘජුවම පහර දෙන ස්ථානයේ දී ඉස්මතු කර පෙන්වන්න.

   The brightest spot is not on the edge - it is on the part of the surface facing the light most squarely, which on a sphere is inside the form, slightly up and toward the light. Outline it now so you remember not to shade it.

   බලාගෙන Putting the highlight on the outline instead of inside the shape.

   පරීක්ෂා කරන්න The highlight should be surrounded by apple on all sides.

8. පියවර 8

   ආලෝකයෙන් ඈත් වෙන පැත්ත සෙවණැලි කරන්න, අඳුරුම පැත්ත අගට.

   Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing produces an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay your strokes the same way and build the darkness up in passes.

   බලාගෙන Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

   පරීක්ෂා කරන්න The darkest area should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

9. පියවර 9

   ආලෝකය දෙසට සෙවනැල්ල මිශ්‍ර කරන්න, එවිට දෘඩ රේඛාවක් නොමැත.

   On a round object the transition from light to dark is gradual - a hard edge would mean a sharp corner. This soft band is called the core shadow and getting it to fade is most of what makes a sphere read as a sphere.

   බලාගෙන Leaving a visible seam where the shading starts.

   පරීක්ෂා කරන්න Run a finger along the transition. You should not be able to point at where it begins.

10. පියවර 10

    ඉතා පහළ අගයට සමග ආලෝකමත් සංගීත කණ්ඩායමක් ඉතිරි.

    Light bounces up off the table and catches the underside. That thin lighter strip is called reflected light, and it is what stops the apple looking glued to the background. It is subtle - lighter than the core shadow, still darker than the lit side.

    බලාගෙන Making it as bright as the highlight, which flattens the bottom of the apple out again.

    පරීක්ෂා කරන්න Three values along the bottom: dark, then slightly lighter, then the shadow on the table.

11. පියවර 11

    මේසය මත සෙවණැල්ලක් ගලවන්න, ආලෝකයෙන් ඈත් වෙන්න.

    The cast shadow is darkest where it meets the apple and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the fruit to a surface - without it the apple floats, however well you have shaded it.

    බලාගෙන Drawing it as an even grey oval detached from the apple.

    පරීක්ෂා කරන්න It should touch the apple and be darkest right at that contact point.

12. පියවර 12

    අඳුරුම අඳුරු තැනට ගිහින් ඔයාගේ පරාසය පරීක්ෂා කරන්න.

    Hold your drawing at arm's length and squint. You should see a clear lightest area, a clear darkest area, and a smooth ramp between. If everything sits in a narrow band of grey, push the darks - almost nobody pushes them far enough on a first attempt.

    බලාගෙන Lightening the highlight instead of darkening the shadow. Contrast comes from the dark end.

    පරීක්ෂා කරන්න Squint at it. Can you still see three distinct values?

13. පියවර 13

    සරලව කිව්වොත්, ඔයා අල්ලන විදිහ වෙනස් වෙනවා.

    A real edge is not one uniform line. Where the form turns away from you into shadow it is darker and firmer; where the light hits it the edge almost disappears. Varying it is the last thing that separates a drawing from a colouring page.

    බලාගෙන Tracing the whole outline at one weight, which undoes the roundness you just shaded in.

    පරීක්ෂා කරන්න The outline on the shadow side should be visibly darker than on the lit side.