How to Draw a Book

படிப்படியாக

1. படி 1

   நடுவில் ஒரு குறுகிய கோடு வரையவும்.

   Everything hangs off this. The spine is the hinge, and both page halves are measured from it - which is why drawing it first stops the book coming out bent.

   கவனமாக Starting with a page and adding the spine afterwards.

   சரிபார் It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.

2. படி 2

   ஒவ்வொரு பக்கத்தின் மேல் ஓரத்தையும் வரையவும், ஒருவரை ஒருவர் நோக்கி சிறிது சாய்ந்திருக்கும்.

   These are the edges going away from you, so they converge. Not dramatically - a few degrees is enough. This single detail is what separates a box from a folded rectangle.

   கவனமாக Drawing them parallel, or worse, diverging.

   சரிபார் Extended, the two lines should eventually meet.

3. படி 3

   ஒவ்வொரு பக்கத்தையும் வெளியே ஒரு முனை திரும்பி நீங்கள் திரும்பி வரும் மூடு.

   These are the short edges of the covers. Keep them roughly the same length as each other - the two halves of an open book are the same size, and any difference reads as a mistake rather than as perspective.

   கவனமாக Making one cover visibly longer than the other.

   சரிபார் Both outer edges should be about the same length.

4. படி 4

   வெளிப்புற முனைகளை இணைத்து, கீழே உள்ள முதுகுத் தண்டுக்கு திரும்பிச் செல்லவும்.

   This closes the two page shapes. Corners must actually meet - overshoot slightly and let the lines cross rather than aiming to stop exactly on the point, because a crossed corner reads as closed and a gap does not.

   கவனமாக Stopping just short, leaving four small gaps.

   சரிபார் Every corner should be closed or slightly crossed.

5. படி 5

   அகலம் வரையவும்: ஒவ்வொரு வெளிப்புற முனையிலிருந்தும் குறுகிய கோடுகளை வரையவும்.

   A book is a solid, not a sheet. These three short verticals turn the flat shape into a box, and they must all be the same length - unequal ones make the book look warped.

   கவனமாக Making the three drop lines different lengths.

   சரிபார் All three verticals should measure the same.

6. படி 6

   கீழ் பகுதியை மூட அந்த வரிகள் கீழ் இணைக்கவும்.

   Now the box is complete. These lines run parallel to the edges directly above them - if they do not, the thickness of the book changes along its length, which is the classic wobbly-box look.

   கவனமாக Drawing these at a different angle from the edges above.

   சரிபார் Each bottom edge should run parallel to the one above it.

7. படி 7

   ஒவ்வொரு முனையில் இரண்டு அல்லது மூன்று குறுகிய வரிகளாக பக்க அடுக்கை சேர்க்கவும்.

   Pages read as a stack, not a slab. Two or three lines following the cover edge is enough for the eye to fill in hundreds - drawing more just makes it look hatched.

   கவனமாக Drawing one hard line, which reads as solid wood.

   சரிபார் You should see distinct layers, not a filled band.

8. படி 8

   ஒவ்வொரு பக்கத்திலும் ஒரு சிறிய வளைவை வரையவும்.

   Open pages are not flat - they dip toward the spine. Adding that curve is the difference between an open book and two flat cards taped together, and it takes one stroke each side.

   கவனமாக Leaving the pages perfectly flat.

   சரிபார் Each page should dip slightly as it approaches the spine.

9. படி 9

   பக்க கோணத்தை பின்பற்றி, உரை வரிகளை சேர்க்கவும்.

   Text lines run parallel to the top edge of the page they sit on, which means they are NOT horizontal - they lean with the perspective. Drawing them level is the fastest way to flatten a book you have just built.

   கவனமாக Drawing the text lines horizontally.

   சரிபார் The text lines should lean the same way as the page's top edge.

10. படி 10

    ஒளியிலிருந்து புத்தகத்தின் பக்கத்தை நிழலாக்கு.

    Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

    கவனமாக Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

    சரிபார் The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

11. படி 11

    கீழ் மட்டத்தில் நிழலை சேர்

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the book and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the book floats, however well you have shaded it.

    கவனமாக Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    சரிபார் It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. படி 12

    நீங்கள் வைத்திருக்க விரும்பும் வரிகளைக் கடந்து செல்லவும், வழிகாட்டிகளை இழக்கவும்.

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    கவனமாக Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    சரிபார் The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.