How to Draw a Book

12 àwọn ìtàn ~12 àwọn àkóónú Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò 2/5 Free, kò sí ìṣàmúlò-ètò

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Dẹ́ àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà láti inú àwọn ààyè-ìwé ààyè-ìwé bíi àkànṣè àwọn ààyè-ìwé.

It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.

Ṣẹ̀dà nínú àwọn àyọkà àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò

Fi àwòrán àwọn àwòrán àwọn àyọkà rẹ pamọ́

A tí fi àwòrán pamọ́ fún ọ. Àwọn àkọlé àwòrán ní pàtó àwọn àwòrán.

Àkóónú àwòrán yìí

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Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò

Àwọn ìtàn 1

Dẹ́ àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà láti inú àwọn ààyè-ìwé ààyè-ìwé bíi àkànṣè àwọn ààyè-ìwé.

Everything hangs off this. The spine is the hinge, and both page halves are measured from it - which is why drawing it first stops the book coming out bent.

Wòyé Starting with a page and adding the spine afterwards.

_Ṣẹ̀dà It should be vertical and near the middle of your page.
Àwọn ìtàn 2

Ṣẹ̀dà àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà ìsàlẹ̀-ilà ojú-ìwé fún gbogbo wọn, àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà tí wọ́n tí wọ́n gbọ́.

These are the edges going away from you, so they converge. Not dramatically - a few degrees is enough. This single detail is what separates a box from a folded rectangle.

Wòyé Drawing them parallel, or worse, diverging.

_Ṣẹ̀dà Extended, the two lines should eventually meet.
Àwọn ìtàn 3

Ti ojú-ìwé fún gbogbo wọn ní àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà inú tí wọ́n wọ́ inú rẹ̀.

These are the short edges of the covers. Keep them roughly the same length as each other - the two halves of an open book are the same size, and any difference reads as a mistake rather than as perspective.

Wòyé Making one cover visibly longer than the other.

_Ṣẹ̀dà Both outer edges should be about the same length.
Àwọn ìtàn 4

Fi àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà inú lọ sí ààyè-iṣẹ́ ààyè-iṣẹ́.

This closes the two page shapes. Corners must actually meet - overshoot slightly and let the lines cross rather than aiming to stop exactly on the point, because a crossed corner reads as closed and a gap does not.

Wòyé Stopping just short, leaving four small gaps.

_Ṣẹ̀dà Every corner should be closed or slightly crossed.
Àwọn ìtàn 5

Dẹ́ àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà: àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà ìsàlẹ̀-ilà láti inú àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà inú gbogbo.

A book is a solid, not a sheet. These three short verticals turn the flat shape into a box, and they must all be the same length - unequal ones make the book look warped.

Wòyé Making the three drop lines different lengths.

_Ṣẹ̀dà All three verticals should measure the same.
Àwọn ìtàn 6

Fi àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ilà náà pọ̀ láti dá àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà náà kù.

Now the box is complete. These lines run parallel to the edges directly above them - if they do not, the thickness of the book changes along its length, which is the classic wobbly-box look.

Wòyé Drawing these at a different angle from the edges above.

_Ṣẹ̀dà Each bottom edge should run parallel to the one above it.
Àwọn ìtàn 7

Add the page stack as two or three short lines on each edge.

Pages read as a stack, not a slab. Two or three lines following the cover edge is enough for the eye to fill in hundreds - drawing more just makes it look hatched.

Wòyé Drawing one hard line, which reads as solid wood.

_Ṣẹ̀dà You should see distinct layers, not a filled band.
Àwọn ìtàn 8

Ṣẹ̀dà àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò àìdájú àwọn ojú-ìwé nínú ojú-ìwé fún àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà nínú àwọn ìrísí-lẹ́tà.

Open pages are not flat - they dip toward the spine. Adding that curve is the difference between an open book and two flat cards taped together, and it takes one stroke each side.

Wòyé Leaving the pages perfectly flat.

_Ṣẹ̀dà Each page should dip slightly as it approaches the spine.
Àwọn ìtàn 9

Fi àwọn ìrísí-lẹ́tà àwọn àyọkà ààyè-iṣẹ́ sípa, láti sé àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò ojú-ìwé.

Text lines run parallel to the top edge of the page they sit on, which means they are NOT horizontal - they lean with the perspective. Drawing them level is the fastest way to flatten a book you have just built.

Wòyé Drawing the text lines horizontally.

_Ṣẹ̀dà The text lines should lean the same way as the page's top edge.
Àwọn ìtàn 10

Fi ààyè àwọn ojú-ìwé kọ̀ǹpútà náà pamọ́ sí ìwọ̀n.

Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

Wòyé Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

_Ṣẹ̀dà The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.
Àwọn ìtàn 11

Fi àwọn ìwọ̀n ààyè-iṣẹ́ ààyè-iṣẹ́ àti àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ ààyè-iṣẹ́ pamọ́

The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the book and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the book floats, however well you have shaded it.

Wòyé Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

_Ṣẹ̀dà It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.
Àwọn ìtàn 12

Lọ sí àwọn àyọkà tí o fẹ́ fi pamọ́, àti ìpàpọ̀ àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò.

This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

Wòyé Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

_Ṣẹ̀dà The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.

Wó ò kùnà, àwọn ìtàn nínú àwọn ìtàn

Àwọn ìtàn àwọn ìtàn tí a tì ṣẹ̀dà ní pàtó, tí a ṣẹ̀dà ní àtòjọ-ẹ̀yàn láti ojú-ìwé àwọ́fẹ́ sí àwọn àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò tí a tí ìparí.

Tí a ṣè láti inú àwọn ìsẹ̀dá tí a tì kọ̀ ní àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ - kò si ohunkohun tí a fi fọ́nrásì, kò si ohunkohun tí a fi ọwọ́ kọ́.

Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò tí a ti ṣẹ́

Àwọn àwòrán tí a ti pà àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò gbogbò nínú àti àwọn àkóónú tí o fẹ́ láti tọjú nínú ìrọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́ tí o fẹ́. Tó bá jẹ́ pé òǹlò rẹ̀ kò ní àwọn àkóónú ààyè-iṣẹ́ àti àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò ìpàdá nínú òǹlò rẹ̀, yìí ní àkóónú tí o kò tí - a tí n gba àwọn sékètà mẹ́rin-láàrin-láàrin.

The finished drawing of a book with the construction lines erased

Ó kò lè wò nípa yìí, àti pé kò yẹ̀ ki o. Ó jẹ́ ìṣàfarawégbèsì àti àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè tí a tí wọ́n lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, kò jẹ́ àwòrán tí ẹnikẹ́ni tí a tí ṣè láti jẹ́ àìbálẹ̀ - àwọn àwọn ààyè nípa yìí nípa fi fihan ọ̀rọ̀ àwọn à

Ohun ti ọkan yio kọ ọ

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Àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò: Line confidence Proportion Corners and joins

Ohun tí o fẹ́

Àwọn àwọn

Tí o bá jẹ́ àìdájú

the spine is bent, draw the spine first and build the two halves off it. If the spine is bent, draw the spine first and build the two halves off it. If the spine is bent, draw the spine first and build the two halves off it. If the spine is bent, draw the spine first and build the two halves off it. If the spine is bent, draw the spine first and build the two halves off it. If the spine is bent, draw the spine first.Draw the whole box lightly before any detail, including the edges you cannot see. Drawing only the visible edges is how the corners end up disagreeing.Draw the spine first and build the two halves off it.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine first and build the spine first.Draw the spine

Píríǹtì àwọn ìtàtì

Fi o kù nínú ojú-ìwé. Àwọn àtòjọ-ẹ̀yàn ìtàn tí a píríǹtì lórí ojú-ìwé kan.

Àkọ́lé (US) A4paper size

Àwọn Àtòjọ-ẹ̀yàn

Kini idi ti àkọlé mì tí wọ́n gbọ́ ní àwọn ààyè?: Àwọn ààyè mejila náà tí wọ́ inú àgbègbè ní àwọn ààyè tí a fi pamọ́. Ṣẹ̀dà àgbègbè ní ìbẹrẹ àti ìṣàfarawé àwọn ààyè mejilà nínú rẹ̀.
Àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà àti àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà: Kò. Àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà tí wọ́n lọ sí ojú rẹ̀ tí wọ́n tí wọ́n pàtó. Àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà ní àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ilà tí a lò.
Bawo ni mo ṣe lè fi àwọn ojú-ìwé hàn?: Bí àwọn àwọn ìtà àwọn àyọkà ìsàlẹ̀-ilà ìsàlẹ̀-ilà láti inú àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà, kò ní àwọn àwọn àyọkà ìsàlẹ̀-ilà kan. Àwọn meji tàbí mẹ́tà ní ìfẹ́nú bí àwọn àwọn àyọkà àwọn à
Ń fẹ́ àwọn ààtò ìjánu-ìjánú?: Kò nípa yìí. Fi àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n tí wọ́n.
Ń àwòrán àwọn ààyè tí mìíràn kò lè rí?: Yà, ní àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò. Àwọn àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ tí a fi pamọ́ nínú àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ nínú àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́.
Ṣí àkọlé àwòrán tàbí àkọlé tí a tí ìpàdé?: Àkọ́lé yìí ń dáwọ́ àwọn àkọ́lé tí a ti ṣí. Àkọ́lé tí a tí pà ní àwọn àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ tí a tí fi àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò kéré, láti jẹ́ pé o lè gbiyanju nígbà kéré.
Àwọn ìsàlẹ̀-ilà mìíràn: Ó jẹ́ ìwé-ìwé tí o tì wa. Dẹ́ẹ̀ rẹ̀ lẹ́nú - ìṣàfarawé àwọn ààyè ààyè tí o bá jẹ́ láti fi ìrànwọ́ àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò mìíràn pamọ́.
Ohun ti mo yẹ ki o kọ̀ nínú àwọn àwọn àmì-ìwé yìí?: Ìjá. Àwọn àwọn à