How to Draw a Dog

Шаг за шагом

1. Шаг 1

   Block in the big circle of the dog skull.

   Everything else gets measured against this, so draw it in one motion rather than in short careful passes. A slightly lopsided shape drawn confidently is more use than a perfect one built out of twelve nervous strokes, because you can correct a shape and you cannot un-see a hesitant line.

   Осторожно. Drawing it small to leave room for detail. The big shape is most of the drawing - use the space.

   Проверить It should fill most of your page, with a margin all round.

2. Шаг 2

   Add the two centre lines, lightly.

   These are the rulers for everything that follows. Without them the two halves of the dog drift apart by a few millimetres at a time and you do not notice until it is finished and subtly wrong. Press lightly - they come off at the end.

   Осторожно. Skipping them because it looks symmetrical already. It will not be by the time you are done.

   Проверить They should cross at the middle of the shape you just drew.

3. Шаг 3

   Add a second, smaller circle for the jaw, overlapping low.

   It sits below and slightly in front of the skull circle, overlapping it by about a third. This second circle is what gives a dog its heavy lower face, and leaving it out is why beginner dogs look like cats with long noses.

   Осторожно. Placing it entirely below the skull circle instead of overlapping it.

   Проверить The two circles should overlap by roughly a third.

4. Шаг 4

   Draw the muzzle as a box projecting forward from the lower face.

   Forward, not down. This box is the single most important proportion in the drawing: about a third of the head's length for a middling dog, shorter for a pug, much longer for a collie. Decide the number and measure it.

   Осторожно. A muzzle that points downward, which makes the dog look like it is sulking.

   Проверить The muzzle should project roughly horizontally from the face.

5. Шаг 5

   Place the eyes on the horizontal centre line.

   At the midline, not the upper third - a dog's braincase sits high above its eyes. They also face forward and slightly outward, which is what separates a predator's face from a rabbit's.

   Осторожно. Eyes too high, which reads as a cartoon.

   Проверить The eyes should sit at the vertical middle of the head circle.

6. Шаг 6

   Add the nose at the end of the muzzle, and the mouth line.

   A dog's nose is large, rounded and tips slightly downward over the front of the muzzle box. The mouth line runs back from under it and then dips - that dip is the fleshy corner of the lip, and it is very recognisable.

   Осторожно. A small nose sitting flat on the front of the box.

   Проверить The nose should overhang the front of the muzzle box.

7. Шаг 7

   Draw the ears - and draw the breed's ears, not an ear.

   Ear shape is the strongest breed signal in the whole drawing. Folded and hanging, upright and triangular, long and heavy: pick one deliberately. Both ears attach high on the skull circle, further back than feels natural.

   Осторожно. Attaching the ears to the top of the head like handles instead of to the sides of the skull.

   Проверить Both ears should attach behind the halfway point of the skull circle.

8. Шаг 8

   Add the brow ridges above the eyes.

   Two soft mounds above the eyes, and they carry the entire expression of a dog's face. Raise one and the dog is curious; flatten both and it is calm. This is the cheapest character available in the drawing.

   Осторожно. Leaving the area above the eyes flat, which gives a blank stare.

   Проверить There should be a visible ridge above each eye.

9. Шаг 9

   Draw the neck and shoulders as one wedge below the head.

   A dog's neck is thick - much thicker than the head is wide in most breeds - and it comes forward from the shoulders rather than straight down. A thin neck is what makes drawn dogs look fragile.

   Осторожно. A narrow vertical neck, which reads as a giraffe.

   Проверить The neck should be at least as wide as the muzzle is long.

10. Шаг 10

    Break the outline into fur where the coat is longest.

    Only at the silhouette, and only where the coat is genuinely long - the cheeks, the chest, the back of the ears. A continuous scalloped edge all the way round looks like a sheep whatever breed you started with.

    Осторожно. Fur marks evenly around the entire outline.

    Проверить Parts of the outline should still be smooth.

11. Шаг 11

    Pick a light direction and shade the muzzle's side plane.

    The muzzle is a box, so it has a top plane and two sides, and the side facing away from the light drops in tone sharply. That plane change is what makes a snout project instead of lying flat against the face.

    Осторожно. Shading the muzzle evenly, which flattens it back into the head.

    Проверить You should see a distinct tone change along the top edge of the muzzle.

12. Шаг 12

    Darken the eyes, leaving one small highlight in each.

    A dog's eye is nearly black, so go properly dark, and leave a single small highlight in the same position in both eyes. Highlights in different places make the dog look at two things at once, which is unsettling and hard to diagnose.

    Осторожно. Two highlights per eye, or highlights in mismatched positions.

    Проверить Both highlights should be in the same corner of each eye.

13. Шаг 13

    Add the whisker spots and a few coat direction marks.

    Detail is suggested, never itemised. A handful of marks in the right places lets the eye fill in the rest, and drawing every one flattens the drawing into texture. Put them where they matter and stop early.

    Осторожно. Adding detail evenly all over, which removes the contrast between busy areas and quiet ones.

    Проверить Step back. You should still read the big shape first, detail second.

14. Шаг 14

    Go over the lines you want to keep, and lose the guides.

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    Осторожно. Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    Проверить The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.