How to Draw an Ice Cream Cone

צעד אחר צעד

1. שלב 1

   צייר משולש דק ארוך, נקודה למטה.

   Not too narrow - the opening at the top should be about as wide as one scoop of ice cream, and about half as wide as the triangle is tall. A cone that is too thin reads as a party hat immediately.

   תיזהר. Making the triangle too narrow and too long.

   בדוק The triangle should be roughly twice as tall as it is wide.

2. שלב 2

   סגור את החלק העליון עם עקומה רדודה, לא קו ישר.

   The opening of a cone is a circle seen at an angle, so it curves. Which way it curves tells the viewer whether they are looking slightly down into the cone or up at it - pick one and commit.

   תיזהר. A straight line across the top, which flattens the whole cone.

   בדוק The top should be a visible curve.

3. שלב 3

   צייר את הסקופ התחתון כמעגל חופף את פתיחת הקונוס.

   It has to sit ON the cone, which means its lower edge disappears behind the cone's rim. If the circle merely touches the top of the cone, the ice cream will look balanced there rather than resting in it.

   תיזהר. A circle that sits on top of the rim without crossing it.

   בדוק The circle should cross the cone's top curve.

4. שלב 4

   תוסיף את הסקופ העליון, תחפוף לראשון.

   Slightly smaller, and offset to one side rather than balanced dead centre - two scoops stacked perfectly reads as a snowman. Let it cross in front of the lower scoop's outline.

   תיזהר. Perfectly centred scoops of identical size.

   בדוק The top scoop should be off-centre and slightly smaller.

5. שלב 5

   מחק את הקווים החבויים מאחורי הצורות הקדמיות.

   This is the step that turns three separate shapes into one object. Anything behind something else goes: the cone rim behind the scoop, the bottom scoop where the top one covers it. Overlap only works once you commit to it.

   תיזהר. Leaving the construction lines visible, which makes everything look transparent.

   בדוק No line should cross in front of a shape that is nearer to you.

6. שלב 6

   הפוך את קצוות הסקופ קופצניים ולא עגולים לחלוטין.

   Go round each circle and add three or four shallow bumps. Ice cream is soft and slumps; a perfectly circular scoop reads as a tennis ball, and the fix costs about ten seconds.

   תיזהר. Making the bumps regular, which looks like a flower.

   בדוק The outline should be uneven but still clearly round.

7. שלב 7

   צייר את רשת הוופלים, קווים מלוכסנים לכיוון אחד, ואז את השני.

   Both sets of lines curve with the cone, and they get closer together as the cone narrows toward the point. Lines drawn on a curved surface must curve - that single idea is worth more than the cone is.

   תיזהר. A flat straight grid, which makes the cone look like a piece of graph paper.

   בדוק The grid lines should be closer together near the point.

8. שלב 8

   בחר כיוון קל וצל בצד אחד של כל סקופ.

   A scoop is a ball, so it is light on the side facing the light and dark on the other, with the darkest part just inside the edge rather than at it. Shade both scoops from the same side or they will look like separate drawings.

   תיזהר. Shading each scoop from a different direction.

   בדוק The shadow should be on the same side of both scoops.

9. שלב 9

   שים צל איפה שהסקופ העליון פוגש את התחתון.

   Wherever one thing sits on another it casts a small shadow there, and that little dark crescent is what makes the top scoop sit ON the bottom one rather than beside it. Same at the cone's rim.

   תיזהר. No contact shadows, so the scoops read as flat circles arranged on a page.

   בדוק There should be a dark crescent at every place two shapes meet.

10. שלב 10

    צל החרוט, האפל ביותר באותו הצד כמו הסקופים.

    A cone is a cylinder that tapers, so it shades the same way: dark on the shadow side, with a thin lighter strip right at the edge where light bounces back up. Keep the strokes following the cone's slope.

    תיזהר. Shading straight up and down, ignoring the cone's angle.

    בדוק Your strokes should follow the sloping side of the cone.

11. שלב 11

    תעבור על השורות שאתה רוצה לשמור, ותאבד את המדריכים.

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    תיזהר. Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    בדוק The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.