How to Draw a Mug

ຂັ້ນ​ຕອນ​ຕໍ່​ຂັ້ນ​ຕອນ

1. ຂັ້ນ 1

   ເລືອກ​ລະດັບ​ຕາ​ຂອງທ່ານ ແລະ ​ເຮັດ​ໃຫ້​ມັນ​ເປັນ​ສັນຍາລັກ

   Everything about the ellipses follows from this. If the mug is below your eye level you will see into it; if it is level you will not. Make the decision consciously now rather than letting it drift halfway through the drawing.

   ລະວັງ Not deciding, then drawing a rim that contradicts the base.

   ກວດ You should be able to say whether you are looking down into this mug or across at it.

2. ຂັ້ນ 2

   ແຕ້ມ​ຮອບ​ເປັນ​ຮູບ​ elliptical ດຽວ, ໃນ​ການ​ເຄື່ອນ​ໄຫວ​ທີ່​ໄວ​ດຽວ.

   Go round three or four times without stopping and keep the best pass. Speed is what makes an ellipse smooth - drawn slowly it comes out lumpy on one side every single time, because your hand cannot hold a curve at low speed.

   ລະວັງ Building it out of short careful arcs.

   ກວດ It should be symmetrical about its own long axis.

3. ຂັ້ນ 3

   ແຕ້ມ​ສອງ​ດ້ານ​ລົງ​ມາ​ກົງໆ, ຫຼຸດລົງ​ເລັກນ້ອຍ

   Start exactly at the ends of the ellipse's long axis. A slight taper inward looks more natural than perfectly parallel sides, and it is what most real mugs do.

   ລະວັງ Starting the sides inside or outside the rim, which leaves a visible step.

   ກວດ Each side should begin exactly at the widest point of the rim.

4. ຂັ້ນ 4

   ປິດ​ສ່ວນ​ລຸ່ມ​ດ້ວຍ​ຮູບ​ກົມ​ທີ່​ກວ້າງ​ກວ່າ​ສ່ວນ​ເທິງ​ເລັກ​ນ້ອຍ

   The base is further from your eye level than the rim, so it is rounder. Same width, more curve. Getting this relationship right is the difference between a mug that sits on the table and one that appears to be sliding off it.

   ລະວັງ Drawing the base flatter than the rim, or as a straight line.

   ກວດ Rounder than the rim, and exactly the same width.

5. ຂັ້ນ 5

   ເພີ່ມ​ເສັ້ນໂຄ້ງ​ອັນ​ດັບ​ສອງ​ຢູ່​ໃນ​ຮູ​ຂອງ​ເສັ້ນ​ໂຄ້ງ​ເດີມ

   This thin band is the thickness of the ceramic, and it is what makes the top read as an opening rather than a painted disc. One stroke, following the rim's curve.

   ລະວັງ Drawing it parallel all the way round instead of following the ellipse.

   ກວດ There should be a visible band between the two curves at the front.

6. ຂັ້ນ 6

   ແຕ້ມ​ເສັ້ນໂຄ້ງ​ດ້ານນອກ​ຂອງ​ຕົວຈັບ

   Start just below the rim and end about two-thirds of the way down the side. Both ends must touch the mug - a handle that floats beside the body is the most common error here and it is instantly visible.

   ລະວັງ Leaving a gap where the handle meets the mug.

   ກວດ Both ends of the curve should touch the side of the mug.

7. ຂັ້ນ 7

   ເລືອກ​ຄວາມ​ຫນາ​ຂອງ​ການ​ຈັບ​ດ້ວຍ​ເສັ້ນໂຄ້ງ​ອັນ​ດັບ​ສອງ​ຢູ່​ພາຍ​ໃນ

   A handle is a strap, not a wire. The inner curve runs parallel to the outer one and meets the mug slightly closer in at both ends. This is a small change that makes a large difference to how solid the mug looks.

   ລະວັງ Drawing the handle as a single line.

   ກວດ There should be a visible gap between the two handle curves.

8. ຂັ້ນ 8

   ລະບຸບ່ອນທີ່ແສງສະຫວ່າງມາຈາກ

   Pick a side and commit. A cylinder shades differently from a sphere - the darkest band sits just inside the edge on the shadow side, not at the very edge, because light bounces back up off the table onto the rim.

   ລະວັງ Shading the very edge darkest, which makes the mug look flat.

   ກວດ You should be able to say which side is lit.

9. ຂັ້ນ 9

   ປົກ​ຄຸມ​ດ້ານ​ຂອງ​ຖ້ວຍ​ໃຫ້​ຫ່າງ​ຈາກ​ແສງ​ແດດ

   Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

   ລະວັງ Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

   ກວດ The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

10. ຂັ້ນ 10

    ເພີ່ມ​ແຖບ​ທີ່​ເບົາ​ກວ່າ​ຢູ່​ທາງ​ຂວາ​ຂອງ​ຮູ​ທີ່​ມີ​ເງົາ

    Light bouncing off the table catches the very edge of a cylinder, so the darkest band sits slightly INSIDE the outline. Leaving that thin lighter strip is what makes the mug read as round rather than as a shaded rectangle.

    ລະວັງ Running the shading right up to the outline.

    ກວດ There should be a thin lighter line between your shading and the edge.

11. ຂັ້ນ 11

    ເພີ່ມ​ເງົາ​ໃສ່​ພື້ນ​ທີ່​ພາຍ​ໃຕ້​ມັນ

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the mug and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the mug floats, however well you have shaded it.

    ລະວັງ Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    ກວດ It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. ຂັ້ນ 12

    ໄປ​ທີ່​ເສັ້ນ​ທີ່​ທ່ານ​ຢາກ​ຮັກສາ ແລະ ສູນເສຍ​ຕົວ​ຊີ້​ນຳ

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    ລະວັງ Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    ກວດ The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.