How to Draw a Mug

一步

1. 步 1

   确定你的眼睛水平 并标记它。

   Everything about the ellipses follows from this. If the mug is below your eye level you will see into it; if it is level you will not. Make the decision consciously now rather than letting it drift halfway through the drawing.

   小心 Not deciding, then drawing a rim that contradicts the base.

   检查支票 You should be able to say whether you are looking down into this mug or across at it.

2. 步 2

   以一瞬间运动 将边缘画成一个椭圆

   Go round three or four times without stopping and keep the best pass. Speed is what makes an ellipse smooth - drawn slowly it comes out lumpy on one side every single time, because your hand cannot hold a curve at low speed.

   小心 Building it out of short careful arcs.

   检查支票 It should be symmetrical about its own long axis.

3. 步 3

   将两侧拉直,并稍稍地拉伸。

   Start exactly at the ends of the ellipse's long axis. A slight taper inward looks more natural than perfectly parallel sides, and it is what most real mugs do.

   小心 Starting the sides inside or outside the rim, which leaves a visible step.

   检查支票 Each side should begin exactly at the widest point of the rim.

4. 步 4

   底部关闭,有略高于顶部的椭圆。

   The base is further from your eye level than the rim, so it is rounder. Same width, more curve. Getting this relationship right is the difference between a mug that sits on the table and one that appears to be sliding off it.

   小心 Drawing the base flatter than the rim, or as a straight line.

   检查支票 Rounder than the rim, and exactly the same width.

5. 步 5

   右侧内加上第二个曲线

   This thin band is the thickness of the ceramic, and it is what makes the top read as an opening rather than a painted disc. One stroke, following the rim's curve.

   小心 Drawing it parallel all the way round instead of following the ellipse.

   检查支票 There should be a visible band between the two curves at the front.

6. 步 6

   绘制控点的外曲线。

   Start just below the rim and end about two-thirds of the way down the side. Both ends must touch the mug - a handle that floats beside the body is the most common error here and it is instantly visible.

   小心 Leaving a gap where the handle meets the mug.

   检查支票 Both ends of the curve should touch the side of the mug.

7. 步 7

   给把手厚度,里面有第二个曲线

   A handle is a strap, not a wire. The inner curve runs parallel to the outer one and meets the mug slightly closer in at both ends. This is a small change that makes a large difference to how solid the mug looks.

   小心 Drawing the handle as a single line.

   检查支票 There should be a visible gap between the two handle curves.

8. 步 8

   标记灯光来自哪里

   Pick a side and commit. A cylinder shades differently from a sphere - the darkest band sits just inside the edge on the shadow side, not at the very edge, because light bounces back up off the table onto the rim.

   小心 Shading the very edge darkest, which makes the mug look flat.

   检查支票 You should be able to say which side is lit.

9. 步 9

   将杯子的侧面遮蔽 远离光线

   Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

   小心 Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

   检查支票 The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

10. 步 10

    在阴影边缘加上一条较轻的条纹

    Light bouncing off the table catches the very edge of a cylinder, so the darkest band sits slightly INSIDE the outline. Leaving that thin lighter strip is what makes the mug read as round rather than as a shaded rectangle.

    小心 Running the shading right up to the outline.

    检查支票 There should be a thin lighter line between your shading and the edge.

11. 步 11

    将阴影加在下面的表面

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the mug and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the mug floats, however well you have shaded it.

    小心 Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    检查支票 It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. 步 12

    越过你想保持的线条 失去导游

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    小心 Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    检查支票 The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.