How to Draw a Raccoon

Βήμα προς βήμα

1. Βήμα 1

   Begin with the ribcage: one oval, filling most of the upper body.

   The ribcage is the largest single mass in almost every four-legged animal, and drawing it too small is the most common structural error in the whole category. Draw it in one motion and make it bigger than feels right.

   Πρόσεχε. Drawing the chest small to leave room for everything else.

   Έλεγχος The chest oval should take up around a third of the body's length on its own.

2. Βήμα 2

   Add a second, smaller oval for the hips.

   The gap between the two masses is information: it is most of what separates a long animal from a compact one. Decide the gap deliberately rather than letting it happen.

   Πρόσεχε. Butting the pelvis directly against the chest.

   Έλεγχος You should see clear space between the two ovals.

3. Βήμα 3

   Connect the masses with one continuous spine.

   One continuous curve, drawn in one pass. The spine sets the whole animal's attitude, and a spine assembled from three short strokes reads as three different animals stitched together.

   Πρόσεχε. Drawing the spine as separate flat segments.

   Έλεγχος The curve should touch both masses without a corner.

4. Βήμα 4

   Place the head mass and rough in where the neck goes.

   Note where the neck leaves the chest before you place the skull - on most animals it comes off the front of the chest mass, not the top, and that single angle carries the species.

   Πρόσεχε. Hanging the head above the body instead of in front of it.

   Έλεγχος The neck guide should leave the FRONT half of the chest oval.

5. Βήμα 5

   Turn the neck guide into a real form with two curves.

   A neck is a solid with real thickness, and on most animals it is thicker than you think - nearly as deep as the head itself. Two curves, one over, one under.

   Πρόσεχε. A thin stick neck, which makes any animal look fragile.

   Έλεγχος The neck should be nearly as thick as the head is tall.

6. Βήμα 6

   Close the body: one line over the back, one under the belly.

   This is where the animal stops being two eggs. Let the topline follow the spine you already drew and keep the belly line taut - a sagging belly is a decision, not an accident.

   Πρόσεχε. Ignoring the spine curve you drew and inventing a new back.

   Έλεγχος The topline should agree with the spine curve underneath it.

7. Βήμα 7

   Run the belly from chest to hips.

   The belly is a separate decision from the masses: it hangs below the line joining them, sagging most midway, and how much it sags is part of the animal - taut on a deer, generous on a cow. Draw it as one curve, not two arcs meeting.

   Πρόσεχε. A straight line between the ovals, which reads as a table.

   Έλεγχος The belly should dip below both mass bottoms at its middle.

8. Βήμα 8

   Seal the outline: one curve at the front, one at the rear.

   Two curves seal the body into one shape: down the front of the chest into the belly, and from the top of the hips around the rump to meet it. Without them the animal has no front or back and the legs float - this is the step that turns parts into a body.

   Πρόσεχε. Leaving the ends open because the ovals suggest them.

   Έλεγχος You should be able to trace the whole body without lifting your pen.

9. Βήμα 9

   Put in the forelegs - and remember they bend.

   Legs are chains of segments with a joint at each bend, and every leg bends somewhere. Draw joint to joint in straight strokes first; curves come later if at all.

   Πρόσεχε. Straight tube legs with no joints, which read as furniture.

   Έλεγχος Each front leg should bend at least once.

10. Βήμα 10

    Now the back legs, comparing them to the front pair.

    The hind legs fold the opposite way to the front pair - the hock points backwards. Compare their length against the front legs rather than judging them alone.

    Πρόσεχε. Back legs bending the same way as the front ones.

    Έλεγχος Front and back feet should reach the same ground line.

11. Βήμα 11

    Place the ears, and get their shape right.

    Ears attach further back on the skull than feels natural, and their shape is one of the strongest species signals you have. Draw the second by comparing it to the first.

    Πρόσεχε. Planting the ears on top of the head like handles.

    Έλεγχος Both ears should attach behind the midpoint of the skull.

12. Βήμα 12

    Put in the snout, the eye and the nose.

    The muzzle projects forward from the lower half of the head mass. Its length relative to the skull is the proportion to measure - it is the one that changes species when you get it wrong.

    Πρόσεχε. A muzzle pointing down instead of forward.

    Έλεγχος The eye should sit in the top half of the head mass.

13. Βήμα 13

    Add the tail and anything else specific to a raccoon.

    Detail is suggested, never itemised. Put the marks where they identify the animal and stop early - texture spread evenly everywhere flattens the drawing back out.

    Πρόσεχε. Covering the body evenly in fur marks.

    Έλεγχος Step back: the big shapes should still read first.

14. Βήμα 14

    Construct the eye instead of dotting it.

    An eye is built in layers - iris, pupil inside it, one small highlight, and the brow line above that gives it a direction to look. The highlight and pupil must not touch, and the brow is what turns a circle into a gaze. This one feature carries more life than the rest of the head together.

    Πρόσεχε. A single black dot, which reads as a bead.

    Έλεγχος The highlight should sit at the pupil's edge, not inside it.

15. Βήμα 15

    Give every leg a foot: a base line and a toe split.

    A leg without a foot is a pole. One short base line at the bottom of each leg, angled with the ground, plus a single toe split, and all four legs suddenly bear weight. Feet are also where the ground line will attach, so place all four bases at nearly the same height.

    Πρόσεχε. Legs ending in points, or feet at four different heights.

    Έλεγχος All four feet should sit within one pencil-width of the same line.

16. Βήμα 16

    Add ground and shadow so the raccoon stops floating.

    The ground is one line through the feet, and the cast shadow is one flattened arc beneath the body, darkest between the legs. Together they anchor the animal - without them even a perfect construction floats in white space. Keep the shadow tight under the body; a wide puddle reads as water.

    Πρόσεχε. Skipping it, leaving the animal hovering.

    Έλεγχος The shadow should touch at least two of the feet.

17. Βήμα 17

    Break the clean outline with tufts of coat.

    Fur is an edge event: a few tufts where the coat genuinely hangs - chest, belly, rump - and nowhere else. Each tuft leans the way the coat grows, back and down, and the outline should still read as one body between them. This is also where the sealed construction line stops looking mechanical.

    Πρόσεχε. Scalloping the entire outline evenly, which turns any animal into a sheep.

    Έλεγχος Most of the outline should still be smooth between the tufts.

18. Βήμα 18

    Add a patch of shading beneath the body.

    Two or three patches of parallel strokes - under the belly, behind the shoulder - all leaning the same way, and the drawing suddenly has light in it. Keep the patches small: shading in a sketch is a note about where the dark lives, not a rendering.

    Πρόσεχε. Scrubbing tone everywhere, which flattens the sketch it took fifteen steps to build.

    Έλεγχος All the hatch strokes should lean the same direction.

19. Βήμα 19

    Strengthen the lines that matter and clear the rest.

    Press harder on the outline and the face, leave the small marks light, and erase the construction ovals. That weight difference is what makes the drawing look decided.

    Πρόσεχε. Going over every line at the same weight.

    Έλεγχος The outline should be clearly darker than the interior marks.