How to Draw a Whale
1 / 13
Begin with the body shape.
The body should be symmetrical about its long axis.
Paperean marrazten duzu?
Argazkia zuzendu eta garbituko dugu zuretzat. Papera ere kontuan hartzen da.
Marrazketa honi buruz
A whale is the biggest thing you will ever draw with the fewest lines: one enormous oval, a horizontal tail, and a mouth line that runs a third of the body's length. The difficulty is not the shapes - it is having the nerve to let one oval be most of the drawing.
Like every fish here, it is one oval with a tail, and everything else - fins, gill, eye - attaches to that oval by overlapping it.
Urratsez urrats
-
Urratsa 1
Begin with the body shape.
One long oval, drawn fast. Fish bodies are smooth in a way hands are bad at producing slowly, so go round the shape in one continuous motion and keep the best pass.
Kontuz! A lumpy body built from careful short strokes.
Egiaztatu The body should be symmetrical about its long axis.
-
Urratsa 2
Add the tail, about a third of the body length.
The tail is bigger than you think - often a third of the body's length. An undersized tail is the single thing that makes a drawn fish read as a leaf.
Kontuz! A small tail tucked against the body.
Egiaztatu The tail should be about a third of the body length.
-
Urratsa 3
Add one curve for the gill.
One curve, following the round of the head, roughly a fifth of the way along. It separates head from body and does more work than any other single line on the fish.
Kontuz! A straight gill line, which flattens the head.
Egiaztatu The gill curve should bow the same way as the nose.
-
Urratsa 4
Draw the eye above the middle line.
High and forward - roughly where the gill curve meets the top third. Round, dark centre, one highlight. Too low or too far back and the fish stops looking alert.
Kontuz! Centring the eye in the head.
Egiaztatu The eye should sit above the body's midline.
-
Urratsa 5
Add the mouth.
The mouth sits at the very front, lower than the eye, and it is smaller than instinct says. A short curve is enough - an open grin turns the fish into a cartoon.
Kontuz! A large smiling mouth.
Egiaztatu The mouth should be below and forward of the eye.
-
Urratsa 6
Draw the dorsal fin.
Start the fin lines INSIDE the body so they cross the outline. That overlap is what attaches the fin - drawn outside the line it floats like a flag.
Kontuz! A fin sitting on the outline without crossing it.
Egiaztatu Fin lines should visibly cross the body outline.
-
Urratsa 7
Add the bottom fin to match.
Compare it to the top fin, not to your idea of a fin: position, rake and size all read against the one you already drew.
Kontuz! A bottom fin that mirrors the top exactly - they rarely match in nature.
Egiaztatu The two fins should differ, deliberately.
-
Urratsa 8
Add the near fin.
The pectoral fin is the smallest and it sits just behind the gill curve, angled back. It is the one nearest the viewer, so it draws over the body.
Kontuz! Making the side fin as big as the others.
Egiaztatu It should be clearly the smallest fin.
-
Urratsa 9
Put in the body pattern.
Suggest, never itemise. A handful of marks near the head lets the eye tile the rest of the body; drawing every scale turns the fish into a texture swatch.
Kontuz! Covering the whole body in scales.
Egiaztatu Most of the body should still be empty.
-
Urratsa 10
Add the identifying detail.
Species markings follow the body's curve and fade toward the belly. Put them on deliberately - they are the difference between a fish and this fish.
Kontuz! Markings drawn flat across a curved body.
Egiaztatu Stripes or patches should bend with the form.
-
Urratsa 11
Put shadow beneath to give it volume.
The underside is darker - light comes from above, even underwater in a drawing. One soft band of tone along the belly makes the whole fish read as round.
Kontuz! Even tone everywhere, which flattens the body.
Egiaztatu The belly should be clearly darker than the back.
-
Urratsa 12
Add the water: bubbles off the mouth, two ripple lines.
Three bubbles of different sizes rising off the mouth and two long ripple lines are the entire ocean - more reads as boiling. The bubbles shrink as they rise, and the ripples drift horizontal, which is what places the whale in water instead of in white space.
Kontuz! A column of same-size bubbles, or ripples that wave like flags.
Egiaztatu The bubbles should get smaller as they rise.
-
Urratsa 13
Strengthen the keepers and erase the guides.
Darken the silhouette and the tail, keep pattern marks light, erase the construction oval. Weight contrast finishes the drawing.
Kontuz! Every line at the same weight.
Egiaztatu The outline should dominate when you squint.
Amaituta dirudiena
Marrazketa bera gida guztiak ezabatuta eta nahi zenituen lerroak bakarrik mantenduta, nahi zenuen pisuan. Zure marrazkiak oraindik erdiko lerroak eta blokeatzeko formak baditu, hau da oraindik egin ez duzun urrats bat - eta 30 segundo inguru behar ditu.
Zure lana ez da horrelakoa izango, eta ez da horrelakoa izan behar. Hau da eraikuntza, altzairua kendu ondoren, ez da norbait mirespenerako egin duen marrazkia, helburua zure lerroetako zeintzuk izan ziren gidariak erakustea da.
Hauek zer irakasten dizute?
The skill underneath is the confident single oval: fish bodies punish hesitant strokes more than almost any subject, which makes them excellent line-confidence practice wearing a costume.
The whale is a scale lesson: nothing about a drawing is big or small until something else gives it context, and a tiny eye against a vast oval is the cheapest scale cue in drawing.
Praktikatu hauek: Line confidence Proportion Value range
Zer behar duzun?
A pencil, kept light until the last step, and an eraser you will actually use. The construction is deliberately drawn to be removed.
Gaizki badabil,
If it looks like a fish, the tail is vertical. A whale's tail flukes are HORIZONTAL - two lobes spread sideways - because whales swim by pumping up and down, not side to side.
If it looks small, nothing in the drawing says scale. Add the throat grooves - long parallel lines under the jaw - and keep the eye tiny; a small eye on a big mass reads as enormous.
If the spout looks like smoke, simplify it to two or three arcs stacked above the blowhole. A cloud of scribble reads as a fire.
Inprimatu urrats-zerrenda
Kendu pantailatik. Urrats-orria orri batean inprimatzen da.
Jendeak egiten dituen galderak
- How do I draw a whale's tail?
- As two horizontal flukes spread sideways - never vertical, which is a fish. The horizontal tail is the single most important fact about the drawing.
- How do I make my whale look big?
- Keep the eye tiny relative to the body and add the long parallel throat grooves. Scale comes from contrast, not from drawing large.
- How do I draw the whale's spout?
- Two or three simple arcs stacked above the blowhole, and stop. A detailed spray cloud reads as smoke.
- How do I start drawing a whale?
- One body oval, drawn fast in one motion, then the tail before any detail. Everything else - fins, gill, eye - attaches to that oval by overlapping it, which is what keeps the parts reading as one animal.
- How big should the tail be on a whale?
- Bigger than feels right - about a third of the body length. An undersized tail is what makes a drawn fish read as a leaf.
- Do I have to draw all the scales on a whale?
- No, and you should not. A few marks near the head let the eye tile the rest of the body on its own; drawing every scale turns the animal into a texture swatch and loses the big shape you built first.
- Can a beginner draw a whale?
- Yes - it is one oval, a triangle and some overlapping fins, with a finish-early step marked partway through.
- Why do the fins on my whale look stuck on?
- They are not crossing the body outline. Start each fin line inside the body so it visibly overlaps the oval - that overlap is the attachment, and it is the single trick this whole family of lessons keeps reusing.