How to Draw a Mug

خطوة خطوة

1. الدرجة 1

   حدد مستوى عينيك و ضع علامة عليه

   Everything about the ellipses follows from this. If the mug is below your eye level you will see into it; if it is level you will not. Make the decision consciously now rather than letting it drift halfway through the drawing.

   إنتبه Not deciding, then drawing a rim that contradicts the base.

   .. تحقق You should be able to say whether you are looking down into this mug or across at it.

2. الدرجة 2

   رسم الحافة كإهليلجية واحدة، في حركة سريعة واحدة.

   Go round three or four times without stopping and keep the best pass. Speed is what makes an ellipse smooth - drawn slowly it comes out lumpy on one side every single time, because your hand cannot hold a curve at low speed.

   إنتبه Building it out of short careful arcs.

   .. تحقق It should be symmetrical about its own long axis.

3. الدرجة 3

   رسم الجانبين مستقيمين إلى الأسفل، مع تضييق قليلا.

   Start exactly at the ends of the ellipse's long axis. A slight taper inward looks more natural than perfectly parallel sides, and it is what most real mugs do.

   إنتبه Starting the sides inside or outside the rim, which leaves a visible step.

   .. تحقق Each side should begin exactly at the widest point of the rim.

4. الدرجة 4

   تغلق القاعدة بصورة بيضوية أكثر استدارة قليلاً من القمة.

   The base is further from your eye level than the rim, so it is rounder. Same width, more curve. Getting this relationship right is the difference between a mug that sits on the table and one that appears to be sliding off it.

   إنتبه Drawing the base flatter than the rim, or as a straight line.

   .. تحقق Rounder than the rim, and exactly the same width.

5. الدرجة 5

   أضف منحنى ثانيا داخل الحافة فقط.

   This thin band is the thickness of the ceramic, and it is what makes the top read as an opening rather than a painted disc. One stroke, following the rim's curve.

   إنتبه Drawing it parallel all the way round instead of following the ellipse.

   .. تحقق There should be a visible band between the two curves at the front.

6. الدرجة 6

   رسم المنحنى الخارجي للمقبض.

   Start just below the rim and end about two-thirds of the way down the side. Both ends must touch the mug - a handle that floats beside the body is the most common error here and it is instantly visible.

   إنتبه Leaving a gap where the handle meets the mug.

   .. تحقق Both ends of the curve should touch the side of the mug.

7. الدرجة 7

   حدد سمك المقبض مع منحنى ثان داخله.

   A handle is a strap, not a wire. The inner curve runs parallel to the outer one and meets the mug slightly closer in at both ends. This is a small change that makes a large difference to how solid the mug looks.

   إنتبه Drawing the handle as a single line.

   .. تحقق There should be a visible gap between the two handle curves.

8. الدرجة 8

   لاحظ من أين يأتي الضوء

   Pick a side and commit. A cylinder shades differently from a sphere - the darkest band sits just inside the edge on the shadow side, not at the very edge, because light bounces back up off the table onto the rim.

   إنتبه Shading the very edge darkest, which makes the mug look flat.

   .. تحقق You should be able to say which side is lit.

9. الدرجة 9

   ظل جانب الكوب بعيداً عن الضوء.

   Work in one direction rather than scrubbing back and forth. Scrubbing gives an even grey, which is exactly the thing that makes a drawing look flat, so lay the strokes the same way and build the darkness in passes.

   إنتبه Being too timid. Beginners routinely stop two or three steps short of dark enough.

   .. تحقق The dark side should be clearly darker than the mid tone, not slightly.

10. الدرجة 10

    أضف شريطاً أخف لوناً إلى الجهة اليمنى من حافة الظل.

    Light bouncing off the table catches the very edge of a cylinder, so the darkest band sits slightly INSIDE the outline. Leaving that thin lighter strip is what makes the mug read as round rather than as a shaded rectangle.

    إنتبه Running the shading right up to the outline.

    .. تحقق There should be a thin lighter line between your shading and the edge.

11. الدرجة 11

    أضف الظل على السطح الأسفل.

    The cast shadow is darkest where it touches the mug and softens as it moves away. It also anchors the object to a surface - without it the mug floats, however well you have shaded it.

    إنتبه Drawing it as an even grey blob detached from the object.

    .. تحقق It should touch the object and be darkest at that contact point.

12. الدرجة 12

    ذهب فوق الخطوط التي تريد أن تحافظ عليها، وفقد الإرشادات.

    This is the step that turns a construction drawing into a finished one, and it is the one most people skip. Press harder on the outline and the features; leave the small stuff light. That difference in weight is what makes a drawing look deliberate rather than traced, and it costs thirty seconds.

    إنتبه Going over everything at the same weight, which flattens the drawing back out.

    .. تحقق The outline should be clearly darker than the smallest details.