How to Draw a Penguin

Агымдагы

1. Агым 1

   Lay in the body mass first, in one motion.

   Nearly every bird is one egg-shaped mass with everything else attached to it. Draw the egg in one motion and let its tilt say what the bird is doing.

   Карарга кирәк Building the body from several small arcs.

   Тикшерү The body should be one smooth closed shape.

2. Агым 2

   Add a small circle for the head.

   Bird heads are smaller relative to the body than beginners expect - usually about a quarter of the body length. Measure against the egg before you commit.

   Карарга кирәк An oversized head, which turns the bird into a cartoon.

   Тикшерү About four head-widths should fit along the body.

3. Агым 3

   Draw the neck on both sides.

   Even a short-necked bird has a neck: two curves joining head to body, front and back. Without them the head floats and the bird reads as a snowman.

   Карарга кирәк Leaving the head disconnected from the body.

   Тикшерү Both neck curves should touch head and body.

4. Агым 4

   Draw the bill.

   The beak grows out of the skull rather than sitting on its surface, and its angle continues the line of the head. Shape and size are the strongest species cues on the whole bird.

   Карарга кирәк Sticking the beak flat onto the front of the circle.

   Тикшерү The top edge of the beak should line up with the skull.

5. Агым 5

   Put the eye in, high and forward.

   A bird's eye sits high and close to the beak. Small, dark, with one highlight - and its position matters far more than its rendering.

   Карарга кирәк Placing the eye centrally, which deadens the whole face.

   Тикшерү The eye should be nearer the beak than the back of the head.

6. Агым 6

   Lay the wing over the body.

   The folded wing lies ON the body, crossing its outline. That overlap is what attaches it - a wing drawn inside the body outline reads as a pattern, not a limb.

   Карарга кирәк Drawing the wing floating inside the silhouette.

   Тикшерү The wing should cross the body outline somewhere.

7. Агым 7

   Suggest the feather layers.

   Feathers come in groups, and the groups are what you draw - two or three curved rows, not individual feathers. The eye supplies the rest reliably.

   Карарга кирәк Drawing every feather, which turns the wing into a fence.

   Тикшерү You should count feather GROUPS, not feathers.

8. Агым 8

   Draw the legs, set well back under the body.

   Legs attach much further back than they appear to, because the visible leg is really the bird's foot and ankle. Get the attachment point right and the balance follows.

   Карарга кирәк Legs planted centrally, which makes the bird tip forward.

   Тикшерү The legs should attach behind the middle of the egg.

9. Агым 9

   Put the tail feathers on.

   The tail continues the body's line rather than being stuck on the end. Draw it as one shape - separate feathers come last if at all.

   Карарга кирәк A tail at war with the angle of the body.

   Тикшерү The tail's top edge should flow from the back line.

10. Агым 10

    Draw the underside of the penguin.

    The breast is the fullest curve on the bird and it carries the pose. Round it generously - a flat chest makes any bird look deflated.

    Карарга кирәк A flat front, which loses the bird's volume.

    Тикшерү The chest should be the roundest curve on the drawing.

11. Агым 11

    Draw the pattern this bird actually has.

    Markings follow the body's form - they curve as the body curves. Flat pattern drawn over a round form cancels all the volume you just built.

    Карарга кирәк Drawing the pattern flat, ignoring the curve underneath.

    Тикшерү Any stripe or patch should bend with the body.

12. Агым 12

    Put a handful of feather ticks on the chest.

    Three or four short V-marks down the breast, each curving with the chest rather than sitting flat, and the whole bird reads as feathered. They also confirm the body's roundness - marks on a form must bend with it, which is the same rule as every stripe and patch on the site.

    Карарга кирәк Covering the breast evenly, which turns the bird into a pinecone.

    Тикшерү The marks should bend the same way as the chest outline.

13. Агым 13

    Draw the ground line and the shadow beneath the penguin.

    One line under the feet and one flattened shadow arc beneath the body, darkest between the legs. A bird with no ground floats in white space no matter how well it is built - and the shadow also confirms where the legs actually are, which birds hide well.

    Карарга кирәк Skipping it and leaving the bird hovering.

    Тикшерү The shadow should sit directly below the body's widest point.

14. Агым 14

    Press harder on the final lines and erase the blocking-in.

    Weight the silhouette and the beak, keep the feather marks light, erase the construction. The contrast in line weight is what separates finished from traced.

    Карарга кирәк Uniform line weight over the whole bird.

    Тикшерү Silhouette darker than interior - check by squinting.