How to Draw a Toucan

שריט־פֿאַר־שריט

1. שריט 1

   Draw one oval for the whole body of the toucan.

   Nearly every bird is one egg-shaped mass with everything else attached to it. Draw the egg in one motion and let its tilt say what the bird is doing.

   װײַז אױס Building the body from several small arcs.

   באַשטעטיק The body should be one smooth closed shape.

2. שריט 2

   Place the head - much smaller than you think.

   Bird heads are smaller relative to the body than beginners expect - usually about a quarter of the body length. Measure against the egg before you commit.

   װײַז אױס An oversized head, which turns the bird into a cartoon.

   באַשטעטיק About four head-widths should fit along the body.

3. שריט 3

   Connect head and body - a neck, not a stick.

   Even a short-necked bird has a neck: two curves joining head to body, front and back. Without them the head floats and the bird reads as a snowman.

   װײַז אױס Leaving the head disconnected from the body.

   באַשטעטיק Both neck curves should touch head and body.

4. שריט 4

   Place the beak at the front of the head.

   The beak grows out of the skull rather than sitting on its surface, and its angle continues the line of the head. Shape and size are the strongest species cues on the whole bird.

   װײַז אױס Sticking the beak flat onto the front of the circle.

   באַשטעטיק The top edge of the beak should line up with the skull.

5. שריט 5

   Put the eye in, high and forward.

   A bird's eye sits high and close to the beak. Small, dark, with one highlight - and its position matters far more than its rendering.

   װײַז אױס Placing the eye centrally, which deadens the whole face.

   באַשטעטיק The eye should be nearer the beak than the back of the head.

6. שריט 6

   Put the wing on so it crosses the body outline.

   The folded wing lies ON the body, crossing its outline. That overlap is what attaches it - a wing drawn inside the body outline reads as a pattern, not a limb.

   װײַז אױס Drawing the wing floating inside the silhouette.

   באַשטעטיק The wing should cross the body outline somewhere.

7. שריט 7

   Block the feather groups in.

   Feathers come in groups, and the groups are what you draw - two or three curved rows, not individual feathers. The eye supplies the rest reliably.

   װײַז אױס Drawing every feather, which turns the wing into a fence.

   באַשטעטיק You should count feather GROUPS, not feathers.

8. שריט 8

   Add both legs and the feet.

   Legs attach much further back than they appear to, because the visible leg is really the bird's foot and ankle. Get the attachment point right and the balance follows.

   װײַז אױס Legs planted centrally, which makes the bird tip forward.

   באַשטעטיק The legs should attach behind the middle of the egg.

9. שריט 9

   Draw the tail.

   The tail continues the body's line rather than being stuck on the end. Draw it as one shape - separate feathers come last if at all.

   װײַז אױס A tail at war with the angle of the body.

   באַשטעטיק The tail's top edge should flow from the back line.

10. שריט 10

    Add the front of the body.

    The breast is the fullest curve on the bird and it carries the pose. Round it generously - a flat chest makes any bird look deflated.

    װײַז אױס A flat front, which loses the bird's volume.

    באַשטעטיק The chest should be the roundest curve on the drawing.

11. שריט 11

    Draw the pattern this bird actually has.

    Markings follow the body's form - they curve as the body curves. Flat pattern drawn over a round form cancels all the volume you just built.

    װײַז אױס Drawing the pattern flat, ignoring the curve underneath.

    באַשטעטיק Any stripe or patch should bend with the body.

12. שריט 12

    Put a handful of feather ticks on the chest.

    Three or four short V-marks down the breast, each curving with the chest rather than sitting flat, and the whole bird reads as feathered. They also confirm the body's roundness - marks on a form must bend with it, which is the same rule as every stripe and patch on the site.

    װײַז אױס Covering the breast evenly, which turns the bird into a pinecone.

    באַשטעטיק The marks should bend the same way as the chest outline.

13. שריט 13

    Anchor the bird: ground line, then shadow.

    One line under the feet and one flattened shadow arc beneath the body, darkest between the legs. A bird with no ground floats in white space no matter how well it is built - and the shadow also confirms where the legs actually are, which birds hide well.

    װײַז אױס Skipping it and leaving the bird hovering.

    באַשטעטיק The shadow should sit directly below the body's widest point.

14. שריט 14

    Go over the keepers and erase the guides.

    Weight the silhouette and the beak, keep the feather marks light, erase the construction. The contrast in line weight is what separates finished from traced.

    װײַז אױס Uniform line weight over the whole bird.

    באַשטעטיק Silhouette darker than interior - check by squinting.